Chap. XXXI.

PRINCIPLES OF PROPORTION.

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In the Church at St. Ouen at Rouen , we have a very different arrangement andby no means so solid a form. ’

Winchester Cathedral —. One division of the nave has been selected to show the peculiarstyle practised at the latter end of the fourteenth century, and also the skill exhibited inchanging the form of a Saxon edifice, and giving it its present character. The planfig.3035., is that of the pillar, as well as ' ’

of the mouldings and walls of the tri-forium and clerestory above. WhenWilliam of Wy keham effected the changesm the nave of this cathedral, he pre-served all above the arches of the trifo-rium, cutting away only the masonry ofeach division below that level which in-tervened between the main pillars ; hethen caused the whole to be cased withan ashlar, so that the original Saxon masonry and proportions of the massremain within the casing. The dottedsemicircular arch is the same as that infig. 2998., and in the roofs above thegroining the Saxon walls are traceable,—another proof that when any alterationwas made in a building by our me-diaeval masons, they did not think itnecessary entirely to demolish it. Wehave in this example the decorativecharacter which belongs to the architec-ture of the latter end of the fourteenthcentury, though somewhat heavy in itsproportions, which arises from the massconstituting the original fabric beingpreserved, or having undergone so littlechange. The thickness of these pillarsfrom north to south is 10 feet 8 inches,and from east to west 10 feet, whilst thewidth of the opening from east to westis only 14 feet.

If we examine the area of one severyof the nave, as left by Wykeham, andcalculate the points of support, we shallsee that the proportions are not thosefound in the nave at Canterbury, orin other cotemporary buildings; com-prising the space between the buttresses,the entire area of the parallelogram con-tained between lines drawn through themiddle of the piers from north to southis 2228 feet; while the points of supportwithin that area are 557 feet, or one-quarter of the whole.

On the section, shown at fig. 3036., thebuttresses on the north side project6 feet; the north wall is 5 feet 6 inchesin thickness, the half piers attachedproject internally 2 feet 1 inch; thenorth aisle is in width 13 feet 1 inch,the pier 10 feet 8 inches; the clearwidth of the nave 32 feet 5 inches;the pier 10 feet 8 inches; the southaisle 13 feet 1 inch, the half-pier whichprojects from the south wall 2 feet 1 inch,and the thickness of the south wall 7 feet2 inches; there are no buttresses, as thecloister, now removed, served their pur-pose. The width from east to west,measured from the centres of the piers,

being 22 feet 1 inch, and the width of 5. au34, nave of winchester cathedral .

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