Kingdom.]
MIKING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS
Outside the Building.
117
[The South Staffordshire coal-field is remarkable, in ageological point of view, for the absence of the mountainlimestone and millstone grit, and the immediate super-position of coal measures on the Silurian limestones; andit differs also from other formations of the same kind byhaving a great preponderance of shales, and few inter-vening beds of sandstone. It is quite clear that the cir-cumstances of deposition must have been different, butthe nature and extent of the difference it is not so easyto discover.
The coal measures in Staffordshire are thus the onlyrepresentatives of the carboniferous system, and theyare almost entirely made up of shales, alternating withseams of coal and ironstone.
The number of coal seams is only eleven, but themain bed in the middle of the deposit is upwards of 30feet in thickness, and it comprises, in fact, several bedsof coal, separated by partings of shale so thin that thewhole is worked together. This ten-yard coal crops outnear Bilston, and extends from thence entirely across thesouthern half of the coal-field, where it forms theprincipal object of mining operations.—D. T. A.]
54 Cheesewring Granite Company. —Agent in
London , Edward Turner, Belvidere Hoad,
Lambeth —Producer.
Granite column upon a pedestal about 30 feet high,from the Cheesewring granite quarries, on the Manor ofRollaton, near Liskeard, Cornwall , belonging to thePrince of Wales. The pedestal, cap and base to thecolumn, worked at the Cheesewring granite wharf, Belvi-dere road, Lambeth, and the shaft at the quarries.
[The quarries which have produced this noble columnhave not hitherto been much worked, but are capable ofgreat extension, the magnitude of the blocks obtainablefrom them being almost unlimited. The granite will beseen to be of excellent quality.—D. T. A.]
55 Rodger, Lieut . W., R.hT., 9 Shawfield Street, King’s
Road, Chelsea . —Inventor and Patentee.
Large anchor, manufactured by Fox, Henderson,and Co.
57 Longridge & Co.—Manufacturers.
Large anchor.
58 Brown, Sir S. Lennox, & Co.—Manufacturers.
Large anchor.
59 Bateman, — , Inventor.
Two life-boats.
60 Young, C. & Co., Edinburgh — Inventors and
Manufacturers.
Simultaneously-acting level-crossing gates for railways.
61 Dej ;ch, — , Producer.
Two greenhouses on a new construction. The chiefpoints of novelty are—1st. That by the peculiar con-struction of the lights, and the selection made in thematerials to be used, putty and all other adhesive com-posts are entirely avoided. 2nd. That the glass can beput in or removed with such facility, that the bars andframe can be painted, the glass cleaned, and the wholeeffectually repaired at an immense saving upon the oldsystem. 3rd. That it will not require such frequentrepairs as ordinary greenhouses. 4th. That in the eventof a fracture, it will not be absolutely necessary to waitfor the assistance of a glazier to repair the same; thesimplicity of the contrivance enabling any one to becomehis own glazier. 5th. That leakage—a universal com-
plaint in the old system—is here guarded against by apeculiar grooved bar, which likewise assists to carry offevaporation, and renders ventilation more complete.6th. That the glass being moveable, persons can erectgreenhouses upon the property of others, and removethe same securely at the expiration of lease or rentalterms.
62 Kent, A., Chichester —Inventor.
New mode of glazing greenhouses.
63 Phillips, Charles, Weston-super-Mare —Manufacturer.
Flower, rhubarb, seakale, layer, and salad pots, ofsuperior clay, for forcing, protecting, and strengtheningthe plants.
Flower guards and seed basins. Garden tiles. Straw-berry tiles. Water tables. Striking pans. Cress tiles.
64 Doulton & Co., Lamheth —Manufacturers.Large pipe in stone ware, and other articles.
65 Singer & Co., Vauxhall Pottery —Manufacturers.A still, and other articles in stone ware.
66 Fergoson, Miller, & Co., Ileathfield, nearGlasgow —Manufacturers.
Pipes and other large stone ware.
67 Green, S. & Co.—Manufacturers.
Large stone ware, adapted for chemical manufactures,household and other purposes.
[Salt-glazed stoneware—of which there are many finespecimens exhibited by the above and other persons—differs from porcelain both in the quality of the clay ofwhich it is constructed, and in the mode of glazing.
The clay is obtained from Cornwall , Devonshire, andDorsetshire , and consist largely of silica, the proportionof alumina being rather small, and the quantity of ironand lime inconsiderable. If either of these latter sub-stances is present in too large a proportion, it acts asa flux, and the material cannot withstand the intenseheat of the furnace. If also any impurities exist thatare destroyed during firing, a hole would be the result,which would completely destroy the value of the objectif required for chemical use.
The glazing of these vessels is effected by throwinginto the vessels a quantity of very coarse salt shortlyafter the last charge has been added to the furnace-pipe;the salt is at once converted into vapour, and a perfectcoating of glass is formed on every part of the vesselsexposed, the soda of the salt uniting with the silica ofthe clay, while the liberated chlorine takes up the ironfrom the clay and escapes. Acids have no effect uponvessels thus prepared.—D. T. A.]
68 Grangemouth Coal Company, Grangemouth,
Sunderland —Manufacturers. . .
Sundry objects in stone ware, and fire clay; consistingof chimney cans, &c.
69 Garnkirk Company (Sprot, M. & T.)
Sundry articles in stone ware.
70 Ramsay, G. H., Derwent Ilaugh, Newcastle
Inventor.
Fire-clay goods.
71 Francis & Sons, Nine Elms— Manufacturers.
Drain pipes manufactured by machinery.