Kingdom.]
Class 1 .— MIKING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.
129
69 Banks , Son, & Co., Greta Pencil Works, Keswick —Manufacturers.
Specimens of pure Cumberland lead, and compositionused in the manufacture of black-lead pencils. Specimensof the various stages of manufacture from the raw ma-terials to the complete pencil. Specimens of pencils invarious styles of finish.
71 Tennants, Clow, & Co., Manchester— Manufacturers.Large groups of crystals of sulphate of copper.
72 Thompson, J., Northmch —Producer.
Crystalline block of rock salt, quarried out of one ofthe exhibitor’s mines, near Northwich. In the neigh-bourhood of Northwich are to be found the only minesof rock salt in England, numbering altogether abouttwenty distinct quarries. Rock salt has been an articleof trade in this neighbourhood since the year 1670 ; itwas then carried on the backs of horses to the nearestpoint of embarkation. Now the exports to foreigncountries alone, are about 70,000 tons. The total con-sumption being about 100,000 tons. The rock salt isfound from 45 to 50 yards below the surface, the inter-vening layers being composed of soil, gravel, quicksand,clay, marl, gypsum, &c. The first bed of rock salt isabout 25 yards in thickness, but inferior in quality ; un-derneath this, is a bed or stratum of stone or induratedclay, blue and brown, about 10 yards in thickness ; belowthis is the second great formation, which is also about25 yards in thickness ; the lower five yards of which isthe only portion excavated, the greater mass being veryimpure. That within five yards, however, contains butfew impurities, and is readily dissolved into brine, fromwhich is manufactured the purest and best of salt.
The above specimen is not selected as a rare and pureblock, but as a fair representation of the bulk of what isobtained from the mine.
73 Claxton, J.—Producer.
Sands from Alum Bay, Isle of Wight.
74 Squire, John & William, Yarmouth, Isle ofWight , Hampshire —Producers.
Specimen of pure white sand, used in the manufacture ofbest flint glass, taken from horizontal and vertical bedsin the cliffs in Alum Bay, near the Needles, on the estateof William George Ward , Esq. It is exported from Tam-worth, and is extensively used by glass-makers, for itssilicious properties.
[The geological position of these beds of sand is at theBase of the tertiary series, as exhibited in the BritishIslands, corresponding with the white and other sands atWoolwich, and the lignites and plastic clays of Paris .The thickness of this part of the series at Alum Bay isvery remarkable ; and the sands being nearly free fromlrou aud alkaline earths, are well adapted for glass-making.—D. T. A.] °
*5 Collinson, Charles, Mansfield —Proprietor.
Red casting sand, found only at Mansfield, and ofvalue m the production of fine castings. Its qualitiesre fineness of grain, porosity, great purity and smooth-ess, which latter property contributes to give a highface to castings.
76 Relf, S., Reigate, Surrey —Producer.
. ^Wiite sand, from the Tunnel Caves at Reigate (calledm use “silver sand”), dug from the rock.
77 Morrison, George , Agent of Earl Somers,
Reigate —Producer.
Sand from the common, named Reigate Heath, valuedfor its grit, and used in the manufacture of glass.
[These sands are from certain beds of the lower greensandseries much developed in Surrey , and frequently exhibitingextensive tracts of sand, often without admixture of anyargillaceous or calcareous matter.—D. T. A.]
78 Long, J., C.E., Limerick — Producer.
Building and ornamental stones from Limerick , &c.
Sands and earths from the river Shannon.
Nos. 1 to 18.—Marbles of various colours, obtained fromthe top beds of unworked quarries. The lower bedscontain specimens of a better quality, and free from theblemishes which these exhibit. Worked in the countiesof Limerick, Clare, King’s County, Longford, and Galway .
Nos. 19 to 28.—Building-stone, of various qualities oflimestone and grit, from quarries at Limerick , and atvarious points along the Shannon. No. 23 yields thehydraulic lime, now used in building the new docks atLimerick . No. 59 is a stone adapted for inside staircases,and not readily soiled. These stones are suitable eitherfor marble or building stone.
No. 29.—Iron-stone; No. 30, iron nodule; and No. 31bituminous coal, from county Leitrim . No. 32, anthra-cite coal. The iron ore and coal, Nos. 33, 34, 35, arefound in the same .district on the verge of the Shannon,near its source, whence a steam navigation extends toLimerick. Limestone , suitable for flux in smelting, asw r ell as moulding sand, fire-clay, fire-stone, &c., are foundin the same locality. The iron-stone is productive, nearlyequalling the black band ore of Glasgow , and exceedingthe Staffordshire and Welsh ores; the richest giving 61per cent, of iron. The coal (No. 35) produces J parts ofgood coke, and is useful for illuminating purposes. An-thracite coal (No. 36) is found in Tipperary, Limerick ,Kerry, and Clare , where extensive coal fields exist; butowing to the abundance of peat fuel in the district, theyremain unworked, except for local purposes, such asburning lime, drying corn, &c.
Nos. 37, 38.—Turf, heavy and light, found in abund-ance, and chiefly used for domestic purposes.
No. 39.—-Gypsum , obtained on the shores of LoughAllen, at the head of the Shannon, near the coal and ironmines, county Leitrim .
No. 40.—Fire-clay. This clay is found of excellentquality, and equal to the Stourbridge clay, formerly im-ported into Limerick .
Nos. 41, 42.—Moulding sand; the same, prepared foruse. These sands are used in the Limerick foundries.
Nos. 43, 44.—Building sands; dredged out of the bedof the river at Limerick , and requiring ^o screening orwashing previous to use.
No. 45.—Plaster sand; dug in pits near Limerick .
No. 46.—Lime; produced from the building stones ofthe locality, which are found in abundance throughoutthe whole length of the river.
[The coal worked near Limerick is from a number ofsmall basins or troughs, ranges of hills running east andwest, and the strata dipping on either side often at highangles. The coal is all anthracitic, and there appear tobe six distinct seams, three of them however yieldingthe principal supply. The iron-stone of Ireland is gene-rally rich, some of it especially, averaging as much as 40per cent, of iron in the natural state. The fire-clays frombeds alternating with the coal, and others in the countiesof Clare and Tipperary, afford admirable material forcrucibles, and replace Stourbridge clay for various pur-poses.—D. T. A.]
No. 47.—Flags. Flags of this kind of large dimensionsare obtained in the county Clare . Exported fromLimerick .
No. 48 .—Copper ore, from the Hollyford mines, countyTipperary,