Kingdom.]
Class 1.—MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.
135
ever, if the temperature of calcination has been too high,since if it reaches 320° the water is absorbed very slowly.The mode of calcining varies with the object required,the plaster used in constructions being less carefullyburnt than that intended for fine casts. A harder andmore perfect plaster than the common kind is sometimesmade by adding alum during the process of calcination.This material dries more slowly, but is smoother thanthe ordinary plaster, and has a certain degree of trans-parency. The use of gypsum as manure depends on itssupplying to certain soils lime and sulphuric acid.—D. T.A.] _
131a M'Anaspie, P. & T., 31 Great Brunswick Street,Dublin —Manufacturers.
Various samples of hydraulic and Portland cements,adapted for all kinds of building work, both useful anddecorative:—they are the first ever manufactured in Ire •land, and are all taken from the Irish mines.
Specimens of Oriental marbles, in scagliola, used forthe interior decorations of houses.
Specimens of green granites, verd antique, Sienna,black and gold, rousse brocade, and brocadelia.
Specimens of green, blue, and yellow cements, adaptedfor tessellated and mosaic flooring, &c.
[The ancient Romans paid particular attention to theircements and mortars, the durability of which is attestedby the remains of their walls: their renowned hydrauliccement is said to have been prepared with a mixture ofvolcanic sand and lime. Hydraulic cements are such ashave the property of hardening under water, and are pre-pared by the calcination of argillaceous limestone, orwith mixtures of lime and argillaceous earth. It appearsfrom the acute researches of M. Vicat, that silica is anessential element in the formation of a good hydrauliccement, the setting of which he attributes to the basis,silicate of lime, passing to the state of hydrate by the ab-sorption of water; for he found that alumina and magnesiadid not give to lime the property of hardening underwater, although they do not prevent, the process of indu-ration: he believes that the oxides of iron and manganesedo not contribute in any way to the goodness of the ce-ment.—W. D. L. R.J
131b Dyer, C. K.—Producer.
Patent metallic cement.
132 Go wans, James, Edinburgh — Proprietor.
Group in freestone, designed and executed by A. Han-dyside Ritchie, 92 Prince’s Street, Edinburgh .
This stone is from Redhall quarry. According to theanalysis of Dr. George Wilson, of Edinburgh , the averagepercentage of peroxide of iron is not more than ‘052.It is said to possess the property of hardening by ex-posure to the weather, and of retaining its primitivesurface.
Specimen of freestone, from Binny quarry, formingthe plinth of the group.
Dr. Wilson, in his analysis, says, “This building stonewhich has been in use for many years in Edinburgh , hasheen analysed by me, and found to contain the same per-centage of peroxide of iron as the Redhall freestone, andI find that it exhibits the peculiarity of having diffusedthrough it a quantity of native bitumen or asphaltumwhich acts as a protective varnish to the stone, and defendsit from the action of the atmosphere.”
Specimen of Binny quarry bitumen candles, made fromthe nearly solid bitumen or mineral wax, which is diffusedthrough the stone, and exudes in considerable quantitybetween its layers. Owing to its abundance, the workmenuse it for domestic purposes.
Specimen of bitumen from Binny quarry, in its naturalstate. It has been found by Dr. Wilson to yield, on dis-tillation, paraffine, and a liquid hydro-carbon analogous tonaphtha.
Model of a steam crane, with travelling gear, workedfrom a horizontal shaft, and capable of raising 20 tons.
Drawing of a steam crane, worked by crab gearing,attached to a horizontal steam-engine, and capable ofraising 50 tons.
Drawing of a boring machine, capable of boring holes toa depth of 40 or 50 feet, from 3 to 6 inches in dia-meter; used in conjunction with a galvanic battery forseparating the large masses of rock in the quarry. It isstated that masses weighing upwards of 6,000 tons havebeen dislodged by this operation from their beds. It isproposed to apply the same method to the working ofcoal-mines, blasting of submarine rocks, &c.
133 Freston, William, Hawthorn Cottage, Stroud —Producer.
Building-stone from Pains wick Quarries; from Sheeps-combe, and from Nailswortk Quarries.
134 Maxwell, Wellwood, Munches, Dalbeattie,Scotland —Proprietor.
Slab of granite from Craignair quarry, near Dalbeattie,Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, showing some of the stylesin which that stone may be dressed and polished. Thevalue of this granite has been tried in the Liverpool docksand similar works ; it is adapted for ornamental archi-tecture.
135 Voss, James, Woodyhide, Corfe Castle —Proprietor.
Purbeck marble, from quarries at Woody-hide, CorfeCastle, used in decorating the interior of the TempleChurch, London ; also used for dairies, hall tables, man-telpieces, &c.
[The Purbeck series of beds occurs at the base of theWealden formation, and immediately overlies the Portlandseries. It is best developed in the Isle of Purbeck, whereit has a thickness of 275 feet, 55 feet of the upper partof which is useful stone. The beds called Purbeck marbleconsist, for the most part, of small Paludince, cementedby carbonate of lime with much green matter. Otherbeds are composed of bivalves of the genus Cyclas. Theyare all used for building purposes.—D. T. A.]
136 ' King, Thomas, Morpeth —Producer.
Block of freestone, from a quarry at Hartford Bridge,Northumberland , belonging to the Earl of Carlisle, withthe proprietor’s coat of arms cut thereon.
The quality is shown by the fact, that a bridge adjoin-ing the quarry was built of this stone more than GOOyears ago, and the marks of the mason’s chisel are stillvisible on it. The same stone was used in the buildingof Miss Burdett Coutts’ church in Westminster; and inrepairing Windsor bridge. This stone is quarried by theexhibitor and shipped at the port of Blyth.
137 Sim, William, Inverary, Argylcshzre — Producerand Manufacturer.
. Granite from the quarries at Inverary and Bonaw, LochEtive, and from the Island of Mull , manufactured andarranged so as to illustrate their capabilities for works ofutility, and for ornamental purposes.
Model of a street, with the causeway, gutter, and kerb-stones fidl size, in their respective positions.
Cubes of granite, showing the various kinds of work-manship generally put on granite; namely, coarse picked,fine picked, nidged, or axed, and polished.
Three ballusters of Bonaw fine-grained granite, hewnwith the hammer and chisel.
Three slabs of polished granite.
The granites of Inverary and the fine-grained graniteof Bonaw are remarkable for hardness and extraordinary