Kingdom. J

Class 1. — MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.

139

177 Smith, Tilden, Vine Hall, Hurst Green —Proprietor.

Limestone , raised from a quarry on the property ofSamuel John Nicoll, Esq., in the parish of Mountfield,Sussex .

Two blocks of concrete, formed with the Mountfieldstone lime. One block has been kept in a damp placesince 1850; the other has been kept dry. The Mount-field lime is especially adapted for submarine works, as itpossesses the valuable property of hardening under water.

[The limestones of the middle part of the IVealdenformation occur in the lower or Ashburnham group, andinclude a series of shelly limestones and shale resemblingthe Sussex marble. Extensive lime-works have been longcarried on near Battle, and the rocks are found to bemuch disturbed with faults.—D. T. A.]

178 Barry & Barry, Thomas and Jacob, MawganSt. Columh —Producers.

Firestone, a soft-grained elvan or porphyry, fromquarries near Newquay , used for lining limekilns andfurnaces.

[The elvans (porphyritic dykes) of Cornwall are usedfor various purposes of construction, but it is only occa-sionally that they yield firestones.—D. T. A.]

179 Kirk & Parry, Sleaford, Lincolnshire —Proprietors.

Specimen of Ancaster stone, of the lower oolite form-ation, from the quarry at Wiisford, near Sleaford, Lin-colnshire . It is said to be a durable building material,used chiefly for dressings and architectural decorations,and adapted for sculpture and ornaments of variouskinds. It rises in beds, varying from 10 to 24 inches inthickness : the texture is close and uniform; and it isstated that although it can be cut with an ordinarypeg-tooth saw, like the Bath oolite, it will carry an arrisequal to that of Portland stone.

[Ancaster stone is a fine cream-coloured oolite, cementedby compact, and, often, crystalline carbonate of lime.There are numerous beds, the entire depth of workablestone being 13 feet, and blocks of 3 to 5 tons beingobtainable. The stone weighs 139 lbs. 4 ozs. per cubicfoot; absorbs very little water; cohesive power tolerablyhigh; composition—carbonate of lime 93*G, carbonate ofmagnesia 2'9, with a little iron and alumina, and a traceof bitumen. Belvoir Castle, Belton House, and nume-rous mansions and churches in Lincolnshire are con-structed of this stone.—D. T. A.]

180 Foot, John, Abingdon Street, Westminster —Proprietor.

Specimens of Best Bed Portland stone, and Wliit BedPortland stone, showing different samples of workman-ship.

Specimens of Roach Portland stone. The backs shownatural fractures.

181 Staple, Thomas, Stoke-under-Hamdon, near Yeovil—Producer.

Blocks of Ham-hill stone (oolite), partially prepared toshow the quality of the stone.

182 Rutherford, Jesse, Stone Merchant, Wingerworth,near Chesterfield — Producer.

Stone from Wingerworth quarry, near Chesterfield ,Derbyshire .

Stone from Lion quarry, Wooley Moor, near Winger-worth, Chesterfield .

Stone from Bramley Fall quarry, Wingerworth, nearChesterfield : this stone is generally used in heavy works

such as docks, bridges, &c.; the quarry has been knownupwards of 500 years: the stone is obtained in blocks45 feet long, 20 feet broad, and 16 feet thick, each blockweighing about 1000 tons.

'[The Bramley Fall stone is a light ferruginous brownsandstone, with an argillo-ealcareous cement and very

little mica. It weighs 142 lbs. 3 oz. to the cubic foot_

D. T. A.] _

183 Walsh, John, Executors of, Leeds —Proprietors.

Sandstone , from the millstone grit series, used fordocks, bridges, locks, engine beds, &c.

Potternewton stone, used for landings, sills, &c.

184 Price, J., High Street , Gateshead , Newcastlc-upon- ■Tgne —Proprietor and Inventor.

Freestone, from a quarry in Gateshead , used for build-ing furnaces for glass-houses.

185 Grissell, Thomas, 11 New Palace Yard,

Westminster —Producer.

1. Specimen of magnesian lime stone, used in the con-struction of the New Houses of Parliament, Westminster,from quarries at Anston, in Yorkshire , belonging to theexhibitor, on the estate of the Duke of Leeds.

2. Specimen of this stone, dressed and polished.

Specimen of the same stone, forming part of an en-riched parapet, at the New Houses of Parliament, West-minster.

[The magnesian limestone used in the outside work ofthe Houses of Parliament was selected on the recom-mendation of a Royal Commission, and after carefulexamination, as the finest available material to be ob-tained. It is a compact semi-crystalline rock, consisting ofnearly equal proportions of carbonate of lime and car-bonate of magnesia. It is of uniform and elaborate hard-ness; not very costly, either to obtain or work; weatherswell, and of good colour, and is remarkable for its powerof resisting compression. It is much heavier than mostlimestones, weighing upwards of 150 lbs. to the cubicfoot.—D. T. A.J

186 Townsend, Richard, Clcarwell, near Monmouth —

Producer.

Forest stone for steps, coping, &c.

Ashlar blocks for paving, grave stones, wharf walls, andall kinds of buildings; from the Forest of Dean .

187 Lindley, Charles, Mansfield — Proprietor.

Twelve-inch cube of magnesian limestone, or dolomitefrom the Mansfield Woodhouse Quarries, re-opened 1840,after a lapse of several centuries, to obtain the supply ofstones for the erection of the new Houses of Parliament atWestminster. Chemical analysis:—Carbonate of lime,51*65; carbonate of magnesia, 42'60; silica, 3*70; ^aterand loss, 2*05. The debris is largely used for the pro-duction of carbonic acid gas and Epsom salts.

White calcareous sandstone. Chemical analysis:—Silica,51*40; carbonate of lime, 26*50; carbonate of magnesia,17*98; iron alumina, 1 *32; water and loss, 2*08.

Red calcareous sandstone. Chemical analysis :—Silica,49*4; carbonate of lime, 26*5; carbonate of magnesia, 16*1;iron alumina, 5*2; water and loss, 2*8. From quarrieswhich have been in work for four hundred years.

These two sandstones are the connecting link betweenthe magnesian limestone and the new red sandstone for-mations, partaking of the characters of both.

[The magnesian limestones, valuable for building pur-poses, are chiefly or entirely those which present equalproportions of carbonate of lime and carbonate of mag-nesia in a semi-crystalline state. Such stone has a pecu-liarly pearly lustre when broken, but its colour, whenworked, is light yellowish brown, not changing by expo-