150
Class 1.— MINING- AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.
[United
as unlooked for by the mechanic and engineer as thespeed itself had been wholly unexpected. Among thesenone has been the cause of more anxiety, and none perhapsof more real danger, than the change which wrought ironin axles and in the tires of wheels is found to undergowhen exposed to the severe friction induced by rapidspeed under heavy loads. Metal that had been deemedtough and fibrous became brittle, and broke like castiron.
The specimens of railway tires and axles exhibited, invarious conditions, and showing the structure of the metalin fracture, illustrate a method of obviating this re-sult.—'W. H.]
Double-worked cable-chain iron, bent cold.
Tension bar-end, of best Kirkstall iron, torn asunderby 135 tons, by means of hydraulic pressui*e.
Bar of iron in the rolled state.
Walking-sticks made from the iron.
Railway-carriage wheels of different materials andvarious construction.
Waggon and mail axles on various principles.
Improved Collinge’s India and other axles.
Registered self-acting regulating damper for high-pres-sure boilers.
Registered improved moveable eccentric tumbler.
416 Wingerworth Iron Co., Chesterfield , Derbyshire —Manufacturer.
Iron ore and pig iron. Specimens of castings; "wroughtiron and steel made from the same.
417 Biddulph, John, Cwm Avon Works, Taibach,Glamorganshire —Manufacturer.
Bar iron, sheet iron, tin plates, naphtha, and minerals.
418 Mills, Robert, Foxhole Colliery , near Swansea —Inventor.
Model of an apparatus for opening and closing doors inmines, by a reversion of levers, one opening, and theother closing the door, on each side of the door; whetherworked by the carriage drawn by a horse, or pushed by aman or a boy, the action is precisely the same. The principaladvantage is to keep the doors regularly closed; the doorsbeing at present attended to by boys, who are apt tofall asleep, leaving the doors open, and allowing the airto make its escape to the upcast pit ; thus leaving theworking part of the pit unventilated, and in many casescauses serious accidents. The Foxhole Colliery, wherethis method is in practice, has been worked from 80 to100 years; and there has not been an explosion of gas init for the last 22 years.
420 Ulverston Mining Company, Stainton —Producer.
Furness iron ore (haematite) produced from mines belong-ing to the Earl of Burlington, and used in Staffordshire,Yorkshire , and South Wales, for mixing with inferioriron ores.
421 Montague, Arthur, Lydney, Gloucestershire —
Proprietor.
Specimens of the iron ore procured from the mines ofthe Forest of Dean Iron Company, and smelted at theiriron works at Parkend, Gloucestershire , with the pig-iron, refined metal, and furnace scoria produced from it,viz. :— .
Argillaceous, calcareous, and silicious haematite iron-ore. Best forge pig-iron. Refined metal. Blast furnacescoria.
422 Ainsworth, Thomas, Cleator, near Whitehaven —Proprietor and Manufacturer.
Iron ore (Haematite) from mines in Cleator. No. 1. Pigiron from hematite ore only.
423 Bewick, Joseph, Grosmont, near Whitby —Producer and Agent.
Calcareous ironstone from the iron mines of Mrs. Clark,of Hollins House, Grosmont, in the valley of the Esk.
Sandstone from the estate of Mrs. Clark, at Fairhead,near Grosmont.
Petrified shells found in the ironstone beds.
424 Bickford, Smith, & Davey, Tuckingmill, Cornwall—Inventors and Manufacturers.
Several kinds of safety fuse, adapted to convey fire tothe charge in the blasting of rocks or of ice, or in sub-marine operations. The fuse consists of a small columnof gunpowder, spun into the centre of a cord. Thedifferent kinds are made by adapting the coating to resistthe pressure of water. Gunpowder not being allowed inthe Exhibition, these samples are made with sand.
[The safety fuse is considered to possess three greatadvantages over the ordinary mode of firing a charge :first, that of certainty both as to time and resistance todamp; second, that of safety; and thirdly, that of econo-my.—D. T. A.]
425 Page, J. R., Athenaeum Club —Proprietor.
Specimens of ironstone, from the Leitrim coal andiron basin. Also some specimens of the same in awashed state.
Small pieces of the iron, from the same, reduced bymeans of peat charcoal.
426 Monkland Iron and Steel Company (WilliamMurray, 33 West George Street , Glasgow )—Producer.
Specimens of the seams of coal, ironstone, limestone,freestone, fire-clay, and Roman cement, contained in thevarious strata of the mineral field of Lanarkshire.
Specimens showing the relative quantities of coal, rawand roasted ironstone, pig iron, refined iron, and puddlediron, required to produce malleable iron.
Specimens of white pig iron and malleable iron, square,round, flat and half round; rails, wheel-tires, angle iron,and nail-rods.
[The coal-field of Lanarkshire comprehends about 150square miles in that county, and contains from 20 to 30seams of coal, of which five or six are generally workedin one colliery, having an aggregate thickness of about 20feet. None of the coals are caking, and one kind (thecolumnar glance coal) burns without flame or smoke.
About half the coal raised is used in the iron-works.The total consumption in 1845 was upwards of two mil-lions of tons.—D. T. A.]
427 Blackwell, S. H., Dudley — Producer.
A series of iron ores, illustrating the general iron-making resources of the United Kingdom . The follow-ing remarks have reference to this series:—
The gross annual production of iron in Great Britain isnow upwards of 2 ,*j 50,000 tons. Of this quantity SouthWales furnishes 700,000 tons ; South Staffordshire (in-cluding Worcestershire) 600,000 tons ; and Scotland 600,000 tons. The remainder is divided amongst thevarious smaller districts.
One of the principal causes of the advantages possessedby Great Britain in the manufacture of iron, arises from