Class 1.—MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.
TUnitkd
168
No.
Name of Mineral.
Locality.
Contributor.
484 Sopwith, Thomas, F.R.S., &c., Allenheads ,Northumberland —Inventor and Producer.
xoo
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110111112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120121122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160161
162
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
Carbonate of barytes .Sulphuret of copper. .Carbonate of lead . .Blue and green car-7bonate of copper . 3Fluor, capped with )quartz .... 5Earthy carbonate of leadFluor spar and sulpliu- )ret of lime . . . 3Sulphuret of zinc and )carbonate of iron . 5Arsenic, phosphate of)lead with manganese 3Sulphuret of lead and)carbonate of iron . 3
Cyalend.
Carbonate of limeArsenic, phosphate of jlead, and sulphate J.of barytes . .
Quartz ....Copper ....Arragonite . . .
Quartz ....Carbonate of zincBlue carbonate of copperFluor,capped with quartzCycular arragonite . .
Fluor and copper pyritesPhosphate of lead . .
Blue fluor.
Quartz.
Carbonate of barytes .Sulphate of barytes . .Fluor and carbonate of)
iron.S
Carbonate of leadSulphate of barytes.
Fluor.
Oxide of manganeseCarbonate of lime .
Fluor .
Fluor and carbonate of)
lime.3
Green carbonate of)copper .... 3Carbonate of iron and )quartz .... 3Matrix of quartz. . .
Arragonite.
Quartz, blend, and car-)bonate of iron . . 3Phosphate of lead . .
Quartz.
Sulphuret of iron . .Carbonate of barytes .Green carbonate of)copper .... 3
Blue carbonate of zinc .
Fluor.
Fluor and carbonate of)
iron. 3
Fluor and carbonate of)
iron. 3
Fluor and quartz . .Sulphate of zinc and)carbonate of iron . 3
Sulphate of zinc and)carbonate of iron . 3Fluor, quartz, and car-)bonate of lime . . 3Blue and green car-)bonate of copper . 3Green malachite . . .Arsenic, phosphate of)
lead.3
Fluor.
Carbonate of lime .Sulphate of barytes.Sulphate of zinc . -
Quartz.
Fluor and carbonate of)iron
Carbonate of lime . •
Sulphuret of zinc and)carbonate of iron . 3Sulphuret of zinc andcarbonate of ironand fluor ....Carbonate of lime .Arsenic, phosphate of
lead.
Carbonate of lime .Phosphate of lead .Carbonate of lime .Carbonate of lime .
Alston . . .Nenthead . .Weardale . .Hesketh . . .
Weardale . .Teesdale. . .Nenthead . .
Nenthead . .Caldbeck Fells.
Nenthead . .Allenheads . .Nenthead . .
Caldbeck Fells.
Nenthead . .Driggith . . .Nenthead . .Nenthead . .Cross Fell . .Caldbeck Bells.Allenheads . .Alston . . .West AllendaleCaldbeck Fells.Allenheads . .Alston Moor .NorthumberlandWestmoreland .
Allenheads . .Alston . . .Westmoreland .Allenheads . .Caldbeck Fells.Nenthead . .Allenheads . .
Allenheads . .Caldbeck Fells.
Nenthead . .
West AllendaleWest Allendale
Nenthead . .Caldbeck Fells.Green Castle .Nenthead . .N or thumberland
Caldbeck Fells.
Caldbeck Fells.Allenheads . .Allenheads . .
Allenheads . .Allenheads . .Nenthead . .Nenthead . .Weardale . .Caldbeck Fells.Caldbeck Fells.Caldbeck Fells.Allenheads . .Nenthead . .Westmoreland .Nenthead . .Nenthead . .
Allenheads . .Alston Moor .Nenthead . .
Nenthead . .Nenthead . .
Caldbeck Fells.
Alston Moor .Caldbeck Fells.Alston Moor .West Allendale
Isaac Robinson.Isaac Robinson.Isaac Emerson.
Joseph C. Cain.
W. B., Lead Mines .William Wallace .Isaac Robinson.
Isaac Robinson.Joseph C. Cain.
Isaac Robinson.
W. B., Lead Mines .James Armstrong.
Joseph C. Cain.
Isaac Robinson.Joseph Peart.
Win. Stephenson.Jacob Walton.
Jacob Walton.
Sam. Merryweather.W. B., Lead Mines .J. Farrell.
Matthew Millican.Sam. Merryweather.W. B., Lead Mines .Jacob Walton.
Jacob Walton.
Isaac Robinson.
W. B., Lead Mines .Jacob Walton.
Isaac Robinson.
W. B., Lead Mines .Joseph C. Cain.William Hayton.
W. B., Lead Mines .W. B., Lead Mines .
Sam. Merryweather.
Specimens of lead ores and associated minerals, withexamples of the various stages of progress, from theirbeing excavated in the mine and carried through theseveral departments of washing and smelting, until fur-nished and ready for the market in the form of a cake ofsilver, and a pig, or piece of lead, known as W. B. Lead.
The specimens of minerals usually associated with leadores are collected from various mines, and are fittedtogether in a separate case, under the direction of theexhibitor, by Messrs. Cain and Wallace of Nenthead, andothers.
The general arrangement of the strata in which theseores and minerals are found, is exhibited by a sectionof part of the lead-mining district belonging to Went-worth Blackett Beaumont, Esq., at Allenheads, in thecounty of Northumberland , and from whose mines thespecimens of lead ores and examples of processes duringconversion into lead and silver are taken ; and a furtherillustration of the geological structure of this part ofEngland is given by an isometrical plan and section bythe exhibitor, showing a considerable tract of miningground in the manor of Alston Moor, in the county ofCumberland.
The principal phenomena of mineral veins and dis-placement of the strata in which lead ore is obtained inthe north of England, are shown by dissected modelsinvented by the exhibitor, and examples of the finishedproducts are contained in a separate case, from Mr. Beau-mont’s smelt-mills, under the direction of his agent, Mr.Thomas Steel.
This collection, the general nature of which is herebriefly indicated, is intended to illustrate the geologicalposition and usual products of the north of England lead-mines. The following is the order of the five severalportions, and which are more particularly described underthese several heads in the sequel:—
Thomas Cain.
Matthew Millican.Wallace Millican.
John Froest.
Sam. Merryweather.Ralph Lindsay.
Isaac Robinson.Jacob Walton.
Sam. Merryweather.
Sam. Merryweather.W. B., Lead Mines .W. B., Lead Mines .
W. B., Lead Mines .W. B., Lead Mines .Isaac Robinson.
Isaac Robinson.
W. B., Lead Mines .Sam. Merryweather.Sam. Merryweather.Joseph C. Cain.
W. B., Lead Mines .William Wallace .Isaac Robinson.Jacob Walton.
Isaac Rutherford.
W. B., Lead Mines .Joseph C. Cain.
Isaac Robinson.
William Wallace .William Wallace .Joseph C. Cain.Joseph C. Cain.
Sam. Merryweather.Joseph C. Cain.Wallace Millican.
I. Sections of Strata at Allenheads and Alston.
II. Models to Illustrate Mineral Veins, etc.
III. Minerals associated with Lead Ores.
IV. Examples of the various stages of Progress
from the Mine to the Market.
V. Lead and Silver prepared for Sale.
I. As the express object of this collection is to afforda general view of the whole of the principal featuresrelative to the extensive and important departments ofBritish industry connected with lead-mining, and as thisinformation is more expressly intended for the use ofthose who are not locally conversant with the physicalconditions under which lead ores are usually obtained,the exhibitor has, in the first instance, thought it neces-sary to present clear and distinct views of the geologicalstructure of the district in which the chief lead-mines ofthe north of England are situated, in order that, withoutgoing into purely technical details, which are only oflocal interest, the several strata and order of superposi-tion may be readily understood.
As an approximate comparative view of produce, itmay be considered that the lead raised in Mr. Beaumont’smines amounts to about one-fourth of the quantity raisedin England, about one-sixth of the produce of GreatBritain, and about one-tenth of that of the whole ofEurope, including the British Isles . They have beenextensively worked from time immemorial; part of themare situated in the manors belonging to Mr. Beaumont inthe dales of East and West Allen, in the south-west partof Northumberland , and others are situated in the wilddistrict of moors which forms the western extremity ofthe county of Durham
This part of the country happens to he at once thecentre of the island of Great Britain, and by far tire mostelevated part of it, which is thickly populated, for,scattered over hills and dales which present an aspect ofverdant cultivation, mixed with heathy moors, are to befound some thousands of inhabitants, nearly the wholeof them either employed in lead-mines or smelting-mills,