212 Class 5.— MACHINES FOR DIRECT USE, INCLUDING CARRIAGES, [United

North Areas A. B. 10 to 34; C. D. E. 1 to 10, & 19 to 33; F. 1 to 32 ; G. H. 1 to 13, & 19 to 26.

Penn & Son’s Marine Oscillating Engines.

10 Fossick & Hackworth, Stockton-on-Tees —Manufacturers and Inventors.High-pressure steam-engine boiler, with improvements.Locomotive and carriage, buffer and draw spring.

11 Hawthorn & Co., Leith —Manufacturers.

High-pressure oscillating steam-engine, of simple con-struction, without slide-valves, eccentrics, or gearing.

12 Edwards, Thomas, Islington Foundry, Birmingham—Manufacturer.

A five-horse-power patent direct-action high-pressuresteam-engine, applicable for all purposes where steampower is required.

The advantages of this engine are stated to be sim-plicity of construction, few bearings, its occupying littleroom, and less liability to derangement than the ordinarybeam-engine.

13 Hick, B-, & Son, Bolton — Manufacturers.

The steam-engine which drives Hibbert and Platt’scotton machinery in the Exhibition Building.

14 Simpson & Siiipton, Trafford Street, Manchester —Manufacturers.

The improved short-stroke reciprocating high-pressuresteam-engine, which drives Parr, Curtis, and Madely’scotton machinery in the Exhibition.

The advantages claimed for this invention are asfollowThe piston, receiving a. reciprocative action fromthe steam, by reason of its mechanical arrangement, gives

out a revolving motion, thus reducing the impetus ateach return stroke; and from the fact of its containingthe properties of the piston and crank combined, it is notsubject to the same straining of parts. Although thepiston of the ordinary engine at all times receives the fulleffective pressure of the steam (when the valve is open),there are positions of the stroke when this is useless, aswhen the crank is “ on the centre,” consequently theshock is sustained on the several cottars and parts, whichis much felt in overloaded engines; but by the arrange-ments submitted, the crank shaft, which is the pistonshaft, receives this shock, which is somewhat diminishedon account of the piston itself gliding gradually out ofequilibrium into full effect (the Same as the commoncrank, though divested of the intermediate parts). Anadvantage is also obtained by working a short stroke witha large effective area of piston, and, consequently, a greatspeed, with slow velocity of the piston through space, isobtained, compared with the ordinary engine,—thus thefirst motion can be attached direct to the main shaft,thereby not only dispensing with all intervention ofwheel-work, and its necessary appendages, but also pro-ducing a steadier motion, consequent upon the enginenot having multiplying gear, which must only increaseany. inequalities in the stroke. This arrangement ofengine requires but slight foundations, compared withothers, from the peculiar manner in which the power andresistance are compounded together, and from the fact ofthe capability of these engines to run at high speed, alarge power can be concentrated into a small space ; henceif such results be obtained, and the multiplying gear bedispensed with, and the number and weight of the partsbe reduced, not only economy in first cost will be gainedfrom its close approximation to the ordinary reciprocatingengine, but also economy in fuel.