242 Class 5.—MACHINES FOR DIRECT USE, INCLUDING CARRIAGES, [United

North Areas A. B. 10 to 34 ; C. D. E. 1 to 10, & 19 to 33; F. 1 to 32 ; G. H. 1 to 13, & 19 to 26.

Patent link for suspension bridges, rolled into form atone heat; by avoiding the necessity of welding, and bythe arrangement of the fibres of the iron in the samedirection, throughout its whole length, a greater and moreuniform strength is obtained.

550 Roberts, J. E., Holywell , Wales —Inventor.Electric railway whistle.

552 De Bergue, Charles, 9 Dowgate Hill —Inventor and Manufacturer.

Specimens of patent vulcanized India-rubber buffersfor railway carriages; they consist of alternate rings orblocks of vulcanized India-rubber and metal plates with arod passing through both rings and plates; intended tobe lighter, more compact, more easily applied, and lessliable to injury than steel or other springs. When actedupon, these buffers offer a gradual and greatly increasingresistance.

Patent station buffer, which acts by friction; the re-sistance being given by a tapering hulk of timber passingbetween plates of metal acted on by India rubber; itspower of resistance is progressive, like the former.

[In these springs the peculiar elastic properties of vul-canized India-rubber are made use of. Experiments haveshown that by separating the elastic rings by i}on-elastieplates of metal, the effective elasticity is greatly increased.In action, their ratio of resistance increases with theamount of pressure; thus rendering them equally sen-sible to light as well as to heavy concussions.—J. W.]

554 Sandtord, Owen, & Watson, Pheenix Iron Works,

Rotherham —Inventors, Designers, and Manufacturers.

Patent railway wheels, three feet in diameter, made ofwrought-iron, and welded into one piece. The manu-facture is effected by machinery, and is scarcely more ex-pensive than that of the common wheel, while it is muchmore secure, from its construction.

Wheel, 31 feet in diameter, made by the patented pro-cess, and similar to the former, excepting that the spokesare welded to an inner rim, which is turned, and the tireshrunk on and secured in the ordinary manner.

555 Spencer & Son, Newcastle-on-Tyne — Manufacturers.

Baillie’s patent volute springs for railway and otherpurposes, applied in various forms.

555a Spencer, Thomas, Tividele, Tipton, Staffordshire —Manufacturer.

Chambers’ patent wrought-iron wheel.

556 Lacy, H. C., M.P., Richmond —Producer.Patent railway sleepers.

557 Crestadoro, Professor Andrew, 22 Peel Street,

Salford —Inventor.

Model of a machine for applying animal power to theworking of railways, consisting of a carriage, on whichanimals are placed to work the driving-wheels; with illus-trated drawings, showing the recent improvements by theexhibitor. _

558 Warren, Peter, Foley Fenton, Staffordshire PotteHes

—Inventor.

Model of a driving wheel for railway engines, devisedto prevent slipping when going up inclines. By the useof this wheel the engine may be reduced in weight, andthe wheel rendered stronger, whilst it takes no moreroom than that now in use.

[The power of a locomotive railway engine is avail-able for onward motion only by the bite or grip of thesurface of th,e -driving-wheel on the rail, and as thebite is created by--the weight upon the wheel, the surfacesin contact being practically smooth, as the weight ofthe engine is reduced the bite becomes less tenacious, and

the power of the engine may be expended in making thedriving-wheel revolve without corresponding onward mo-tion of the train. The method exhibited appears to promiseto obtain the requisite bite or grip of the driving wheel, orto prevent the wheel from slipping, or from turning roundwithout onward progress, by means independent of weightupon the wheel.—W. H.]

Two pair of couplings for railway carriages, one forluggage and the other for passenger carriages, to preventthe breaking away; they may be used with or withoutsprings, and may be connected to any other carriage orwaggon.

Model of a weighing and lifting crane that will weighand wind in two inches square, without drum or wheels.By this crane it is stated that a man can lift and weighone ton with more ease than he can half a ton with thecommon lifting crane.

559 Pizzie, W., Allmirnc Mills, Marlborough — Inventor.

Railway break, which can be instantly applied to everywheel in the train.

560 Dillon, James , 28 Upper Buckingham Street , Dublin —Inventor.

Railway break. The friction-slides are attached to thesupport beams, which rest on the axles of the wheels bymeans of six iron lifters, which are moveable on pivots,but equally distant and equal in length, so as to lift thewheels of the carriage one-third of an inch off the rail,when brought into a vertical position, by means of theguard turning a screw, which gives motion to the friction-slides ; it would be made simpler if the lifters were fittedto the axle of the wheels, and the friction-slides madeequal to the distance between the axle of the wheels.

561 Cooley, James , Spalding — Inventor.

Model of self-acting apparatus for making signals onrailways. The arrival of a train, or the removal of car-riages from sidings on to or over the main line, is imme-diately denoted by the action of the carriages themselves.

562 Perry, Henry James , 3 Greenwich Road,Greenwich —Inventor.

An atmospheric railway vacuum, obtained by guttapercha tubing, in connection with an engine. Can eitherbe worked by compression or exhaustion.

564 Tennant, M. B., Trafalgar House, Brighton —Inventor.

Brass models of five patent railway carriages linkedtogether, with auxiliary safety-wheels, and traverse boltsand socket buffers.

The models are provided with apparatus showing thatrailway trains may be prevented from going off the railseither from the effects of collision or dangerous obstruc-tions, and from the danger of delay or stoppage occasionedby the slippery state of the rails, as in the case of ClayCross Tunnel.

1st. The auxiliary safety wheels are intended to beapplied to every fourth or fifth carriage, midway betweenthe front and hind-wheels ; they turn each on its ownaxis or pivot, i. e., without an axle arm; they rise up andfall down, on passing over obstructions, to the extent of10 or 12 inches, enabling the train to surmount theobstacles, hitherto so fatal, without verging off the rails;they may be set to a greater or less height, and made todrop down 10 or 12 inches below the level of the otherwheels when they are forced up by accident, always re-taining possession of the rails, and to turn acute curveswith great speed and safety.

2nd. The bolt and socket buffers are placed trans-versely instead of longitudinally; they rise and fallsimultaneously on a bolt or pivot at each side of thechain link, and are kept within each other by means ofspiral springs introduced into the necks, having beenclosely wound up by the shackle, which tends to preventoscillation of the carriages.