AND BUILDING CONTRIVANCES.
North Gallery, and with Classes 5 & 6.
331
Kingdom.]
206 Lamb, James, Nile Street, Sunderland —Inventor.
Model of a tubular gas apparatus for heating baths.“ ls stated that by means of this apparatus 32 gallons ofV ater , at 43°, may be heated to 100° in 35 minutes, withhe consumption of 25 cubic feet of gas.
2 ^ 0 Taylok, J. W., Rear-Admiral—Producer.
Models of patent breakwater; life and anchor boats.
0 Stafford, Daniel, 3 Sloane Terrace, Sloane Street,j Chelsea.
a e y^ rce P tor c owl: an apparatus attached to the cowl of
interceptor is made air-tight at each angle and atapm° tt0m ’ so as to P revetlt the cold air, received at thee jj- tures > from entering immediately into the flue orinst i ^’ and from taking a downward or cross direction,apnl' being reflected upwards, as is the case from thevacation and construction of the interceptor.t)j e sec °nd interceptor is placed at a short distance aboveand 1 ? 6 alread y described, giving the air a more powerfulao effi lr - eCt u P ward current, and at the same time forminginn- Clent resistance and protection against all descend-ants of wind.
to g e xternal form or shape of the cowl may be variedt the architectural uniformity of any building.
2] 7 -
p Teagle, II. & W., Chelsea —Inventors,atent chimney-sweeping apparatus.
220
In Main Avenue, West.Wyatt & Brandon.
Wyatt & Brandon.
Model of the new County Assize Courts, at Cambn ge,rec ted by the exhibitors.
221Model
222
Jee, A. S. ,
jv,Model of the Dinting Vale viaduct, on the Sheffield and
Manchester Railway.
223 Willock, E. p7&C^75«« ctefcr - l5 ..
. Model of a decorated Gothic church, at Lever Bridge,031 1 Lancashire ; designed by E. Sharpe.
Walker & Burgess*ailway-bridge across the Ouse.
Als
dso 9, 19, 26, 28, 38, 105, 106, 107, and 157.
Blackheath— Inventor. . Royal
^Uon cables invented and introduced DL 0 ,, ; n 1810.Wa xy by Captain Sir Samuel Brown , * Uc l-
. l and 2. Patterns of the twisted and.P^u“ P ins ,
chains, the iron inch diameter with x aasnch were proposed by the exhibitor to the - w ifted
substitute for hempen cables in 1810* rn0ge byam was preferred by the Board for this P P an d oneason of its resemblance to the strands of a r0 P®> ? s a^account supposed to be more easily managed as
3 is a single link of the same™ort scarf readyfor welding in the end: this.wh 'Practised in all the Royal Dockyards, and by all the clw K e ’ S m the country, was radically bad, , a
eld is inevitably the weakest part; was subje smalldof' CTeise stra in at the point of resistance, . . t j ie
ect tvas more detrimental than any other P , ’ ^
in r? therefore adopted the plan of forming - m
. the direction of its length in the side, where the,s equally divided. . fhf , side
revi 0- r is a sh .‘g le liuk showing the long scar m theny for welding, as above mentioued-
Origin of the Stay-pins. —When the chain-cables werefirst brought into use (which was in the Navy ) there wereno means of testing their strength, and two ships, the“ Pique,” 38-gun frigate, and the “ Pylades,” sloop-of-war,having both parted their cables in a heavy gale and sea,it was found that the links, in the technical phrase, haddrawn in the strain. The inventor of the iron cablesthereupon devised a powerful compound lever-machinefor testing all cables to a given strain. The first cable tobe tested was a twisted cable, welded in the side withlong double scarf, but without stay-pins, 2| inches dia-meter, against a piece of new 24-inch cable, which wasthe largest size made; the cable and the chain wereshackled together, so that the strain was reciprocal. Thetrial took place at the manufactory in Shadweil, in July1810, in the presence of Lord Melville, First Lord of theAdmiralty; Sir J. B. Thompson, Comptroller of the NavyBoard; the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Vansittart;the Surveyor and Commissioners of the Navy , and severalNaval Captains. In the course of the trial, as thehempen cable continued to stretch, and the chain tocollapse, the machine was at that time stopped; and thenthree wrought-iron pins similar to those shown in No. 5were inserted in the middle of the links; the process re-commenced, and the pins were in a short time set fast.Four hours had been occupied in this interesting experi-ment, when the hempen cable began to give way, andwas ultimately broken in the direction of its length with aforce of 84 tons; no fracture had taken place in the ironcable, and the links which had been distended with thepins preserved their shape; but all the others had col-lapsed and become perfectly rigid, and, of course, totallyuseless. The improvements thus introduced in the con-struction of the iron cables, and the system of testing,were of infinitely more importance than the original in-vention, and which were all carried into effect in 1810,two years before any other chain-cable manufactory wasin existence.
No. 5. Pattern of the parallel-sided chain, proposedby the inventor to supersede the twisted cables in 1812.The first cable was supplied to Her Majesty’s frigate“ Crescent,” in that year, which, being favourably re-ported on, he received directions from the Admiralty toprepare a schedule, in conjunction with Mr. Goodrich,mechanical engineer at the Royal Dockyard, Portsmouth,of the form and dimensions of chain-cables, which, withvery little modification, is at present the standard for allclasses. The chain cables, which are of oval shape, aresusceptible of still further improvements, for it hasbeen observed, in the course of an extensive practice,that, in testing chains to prove the quality of the iron,links gradually collapse, and that the rupture does nottake place till the sides are drawn nearly into contact;it therefore occurred to the inventor that the invertedoval link, No. 7, as approximating in some degree tothis ultimate form of resistance, was stronger, inasmuchas the present distended oval link is a departure fromit; and there can be no doubt that, as the convex linksfit more uniformly to the cylindrical bells or windlass,they would work smooth, and with less jolting in veering.
[It was this invention of Capt. Brown which first ren-dered the knowledge of the strength of malleable ironindispensable. Chain cables with the simple oval linkresist a strain of 21§ tons per square inch, the meanstrength of wrought-iron being 25 tons per square inch.When stays between the sides of the links are introduced,the strength is very nearly equal to that of the iron inthe simple bar form, so that a stay may be said to in-crease the strength by about l-6th part. The links ofMr. Price’s chains are made with parallel sides, so thatthe fibres of the iron are kept in tire direction of thestrain; their strength is therefore greater tnan that otthe simple oval links, which have a tendency to alter inform, or elongate.—S. C.J
Picture, iu oil, of the Union Suspension Bridge, erectedover the Tweed in 1820, connecting England and Scotland ,