458
Class 10.—PHILOSOPHICAL, MUSICAL, HOBOLOGICAL,North, North Central, and South Central Galleries.
[Unite 1 ’
manent magnet, is fixed on an axle, which is made to re-volve by some mechanical contrivance, so that a continuedand rapid reversal of its poles takes place. By this alonea magneto-electric disturbance is effected; but for thepurpose of accumulating the force, coils of copper-wire arefixed on the armature, and every time they approach orleave the poles of the magnet in the course of rotation, aninduced current passes through the wire, and the reversalbeing extremely rapid, though the current is only instan-taneous, the result is what may be regarded as an unin-terrupted stream of electricity.
The magneto-electric machine was first employed fortelegraphic purposes, by Professor Wheatstone. Thebattery is however usually preferred in this country.—B. II.]
429 Brett, Jacob, & John, 2 Hanover Square —Patentees and Proprietors.
1. An electric printing telegraph, which, by the aid ofa single wire only, prints in Roman (or other) letters,with the certainty of action, and under the control of thedistant correspondent; it is worked either by galvanic ormagnetic electricity, and controlled by hydraulic or atmo-spheric regulators, combining also a signal bell. Size, 12inches by 7 inches, height 12 inches.
2. Similar telegraph with additions for registering induplicate, indicating by dials or signal bells ; by thesame simple means and certainty of action. Size, 12 inchesby 8 inches, height 12 inches.
3. The communicator, or corresponding apparatus, by-means of which any one may at first sight print commu-nications at a distant station; the opening and shuttingat the commencement and close of a correspondence byits action, taking, or giving the electric current, from orto the main line. Size, 4 inches by 4 inches, 2 inchesdeep.
4. A similar one, with pianoforte arrangement; thetouching of the keys with the finger acting on the mainwire, and printing the required or corresponding letter atthe distant station.
5. Communicator, adapted as a pocket apparatus forguards of railway trains, for communicating with distantstations on the instant of an accident. Size, 3 inches by3 inches, 2 inches deep.
6. A circuit regulator for the absolute control of anynumber of stations from one given point, by the aid of anindependent wire. Size, 3 inches by 3.) inches.
7. A portion of the experimental wire passed along thebottom of the channel in August last, when messageswere printed by this telegraph from England to France ,preparatory to the great undertaking now in progress,which, by the aid of eight permanently-protected wires,will, it is expected, in June next, place Great Britain inconstant and instantaneous communication with all thegreat capitals of Europe .
8. Specimens of an iron protecting cable for enclosingthe covered submarine wires, where great strength isrequired. (Invented by Thos. W. B. Brett.)
9. Electric bells for division signals in the new Housesof Parliament, by which any number may be broughtunder instantaneous control.
10. Specimens of the printing executed at 200 milesdistance.
11. The grants of Louis Philippe and Louis Napoleon to the Messrs. Brett, for the exclusive privilege of esta-blishing electric communication between France andEngland.
This printing telegraph effects all the purposes of tele-graphic communication by a single wire only; printingin Roman, or other letters, recording in duplicate with therapidity of a compositor, indicating by dials, or signalisingby bells. The telegraphs in general use formerly re-quired 8 or 5 wires for vibrating the single or doubleneedles only, and an independent wire in all cases for asingle bell.
It requires but a single wire, and no attendantswatching, copying, or transcribing. 0 _
If adapted, at a General Office in London , for the J 6®.tion of correspondence from all parts of Europe , dm* othe night when the offices are closed, and no attempresent, the whole of the communications of the Wo ,from the different capitals of Europe , will, on the ai'i*of the attendants in the morning, be found accura 7printed ; and during the day, a signal-bell will anno 1 'when, and from where, a communication had been nia ’requiring attention only to reply to it. t0
For sending a communication, it is required 011 -' -move the hand or strike the key of either of the cmunicators, Nos. 3, 4, 5, by which a current of electric jis sent through the wire to the distant station, brin?)^into action the given or required letter on the periph® 7of a wheel, which instantly impresses itself on part <> ‘endless scroll of paper, rolling printed from an ape 1 . 1in the instrument, as the shocks or currents of electricare conveyed by the action on the corresponding letteithe distant communicator. j ie
The telegraph is comparatively self-supplying, ascolouring or printing material requires renewal only 0a month, according to regulation.
[The insulation of the wires for submarine e ^ eC *'!communication is effected by covering them with g upercha. They are covered in the following maunei •mass of gutta percha in a soft state is contained wia cylinder, and being acted upon by a piston, is d 11 . _out through a small die, in the centre of which is the wue ’The latter being slowly drawn forward, becomes » ^rounded with an uniform covering of gutta percha,thickness of which varies with the diameter of thedie-h°through which it is compressed. The coated wire is * 1drawn through a trough of cold water and wound ondrum. Its insulation is afterwards tested by passing aelectric current through it while under water, 0 _serving the deflection, or rather the absence of the dchction, of a magnetic needle.—R. E.]
430 Walker, C. V., Tonhrhlije — Inventor.
Insulation of telegraph wires, exhibited as in sl '^‘° ar epole-head, and detached on the table. The earthen ^cone by which the telegraph wire is suspended ' ...
shaped that the point of contact with the wire is sma ’^esheltered, and is far from the pole. The shackle e( jused for insulating the wire at winding-posts )S & ‘ g (oiron; and its earthen cylinders are so constructedgive a great length of insulating material. . , a s
Insulation of telegraph wires in tunnels, exhibit pyin actual use. The wire is covered with gutta per® ^Mr. T. Foster’s patent process, and is placed iu Q° ^ ieboards, prepared with varnish, and fixed againstunnel walls.
[Mr. Forster’s process of covering telegraphic wii® s ’ ^yfollows:—The gum, after being cleared, is maceratesteam machinery in a heated iron vessel. It I s 1 ve( jtransferred, lump by lump, to a pair of heated g r ° ^rollers, between which it is passed and presse ^solid cylinders three or four feet in length. H is jready for the covering machine to which it is carrie > e
where it is used while warm and soft. This n ’ aC : n g
consists of two pair of hollow polished iron f arollers, heated, as occasion requires, by steam, an o jp cr spair of small grooved cutting rollers. The cuttingvary both in the number and the size of the g ^ e
according to the character of covering required. ^
wire employed in the tunnels on the South- ^Railway, and which are under the superintent e ^Mr. Walker, is No. 16 copper, and is covere ^j 0ll ;grooved rollers, six wires being covered at one opt