1011
In Lombardy.to 250,000 cwt.
The Province of Venice . 200,000 „
The Tyrol. 28,000 „
The other provinces . . 12,000 „
Total . . 490,000 cwt.
Or, in round numbers, 500,000 cwt.
The cocoons are prepared at the reeling establishmentsinto raw silk. From the result of inquiries it wouldappear that Lombardy comprises 3,068 reeling establish-ments, which employ 79,500 workpeople, without takinginto calculation the smaller establishments, which arenot included in this enumeration. The entire productionamounts to 2,512,000 Vienna lbs.; and, since 12 lbs.of cocoons yield 1 lb. of raw silk, there are required forthis aggregate of raw silk 306,400 cwt. of cocoons. Thequantity of cocoons required in excess of the quantityproduced, an excess of very nearly 50,000 cwt., is coveredby the production of the Venetian provinces, chiefly bythat of Verona.
Within the province of Venice the reeling establishmentsare pretty numerous, but of less extent. The nearestapproximation to the truth in reference to this matter isobtained by taking the extent of the production at one-half of that in Lombardy . The remainder of the co-coons produced in tlie province undergo further prepara-tion in Lombardy, and partly in the Tyrol also, whilst aportion of those obtained in Gorz and Gradiska , as wellas in Istria, are prepared in Venetian reeling establish-ments.
The number and the performances of the reeling ma-chines in the Tyrol are accurately known. In the year184-8 South Tyrol contained 559 of such reeling establish-ments. These employed 13,000 hands, and turned out265,700 lbs. of raw silk, from 31,900 Vienna cwt. ofcocoons. The supply of cocoons required, beyond thatfurnished by the production of the country, was drawnfrom the Venetian provinces.
The reeling establishments in tlie remaining provincesproduce, conjointly, from 10,000 cwt. of cocoons, 75,000Vienna lbs. ofraw r silk.
The whole production of raw silk obtained in the Aus-trian monarchy is about 4,108,700 lbs. and the wasteabout 716,400 lbs. The number of working hands em-ployed in the reeling establishments is not less than160,000 (or if their term of occupation he reduced to 270days in the year, 30,000 only). Besides tlie productsalready enumerated, about 900 cwt. of cocoons are annu-ally imported into Lombardy, principally from Switzer-land and the neighbouring Italian States, and are pre-pared in the Lombard reeling establishments. Tliequantity of silk produced is thus increased to an aggre-gate of 4,116,200 lbs.]
73 Stiermark. Silkworm Breeding- Association,
Specimens of raw silk ; illustration of the treatment°f the silkworms.
74 Radtjxoyits Brothers, Weisskirchen , Hungary .Hungarian silk in skeins.
7 5 Lorenz, Aloys, Weisskirchen , Hungary .
Raw unspun silk from the Banate.
7 6 Herzog, Eva, Werschetz , Hungary .
Raw unspun silk from the Banate.
76a Koeler, Franz, Hermann & Co., Tyrol .
Various samples of floss silks.
77 Mattiuzzi, Giovanni Batt., Varmo , Friuli .
Samples of raw silk.
78 Senigaglia, Isaac, & Carminati, Giovanni B.,
Specimens of raw silk.
79 Pappafava, —, Zara , Dalmatia .
Specimens of Dalmatian raw silk.
80 Scheibler & Co., Milan —Producer. (Agents,
J. Stone & Co., 53 Old Broad Street, London .)
1. Six specimens of cocoons; A, yellow, coarse fibre:B, yellow, delicate; C, yellow, satin; D, yellow, saffron ;E, white, coarse fibre ; F, white, fine fibre. 2. Specimensof raw silk, one thread; raw silk, yellow and white.
3. Specimens of tram silk, three threads. 4. Specimensof organzine silk, for velvet, heavy and light satin andplush. 5. Specimens of grenadine: organzine grenadine,four threads. 6. Two qualities of grenadine manufactures.Looms , Messrs. Brevis Brothers.
[The raw silk undergoes further preparation in thethrowing mills, but the whole mass of the production isnot thus w'ovked up within the monarchy, for the exportsof raw silk are found considerably to exceed the imports.On an average of the five years, 1843 to 1847, the annualimports were 110,000 Vienna lbs. of raw silk (throughVenice, Switzerland, and the adjacent Italian States),whilst 700,000 lbs. of this commodity were exported, forthe most part to Switzerland, the adjacent states of Italy ,and Southern Germany . Hence it results that a balanceof raw silk, amounting to 589,000 lbs., have been takenoff by foreign consumption, and that the other 3,518,800Vienna lbs. are retained by the states of the monarchy,and more than tw T o-tliirds thereof are worked up in Lom-bardy . In 1817 that province reckoned 500 throwing-mills, with 1,239,000 spindles; and of these 702,100 werefor spinning and 507,200 for twisting. In the throwing-mills themselves 12,000 hands were employed (namely,4,400 men, 5,500 women, and 2,100 children), and, more-over, there were occupied 31,800 female winders. Theproduction yielded was 989,000 Vienna lbs. of tram, and1,189,700 lbs. of organzine, making together 2,179,500Vienna lbs. of thrown silk: for this aggregate of produc-tion 2,256,200 lbs. of raw silk were used. The fioss silkwas to the weight of 76,000 lbs.
The working of the throwing mills of Venice produced,in proportion to those of Lombardy , almost similar resultsto those above indicated in reference to the reeling esta-blishments ; only the production of tram greatly prepon-derates. The number of persons employed in the throw-ing-mills, both within and without doors, were 20,000.Their production w r as above 960,000 Vienna lbs., and theconsumption of raw silk by the conversion into this quan-tity was 1,009,000 lbs., giving waste (floss) to the amountof 47,400 lbs.
There are at present in the Tyrol 55 throwing-mills,with 125,047 spindles; 85,583 of which latter are forspinning and 39,464 for twisting. In these mills 500 menand 1,200 women and children are employed. The pro-duction there, including that of the smaller throwing-mills,wliicli give occupation to 500 workmen, amounts to 220,400Vienna lbs. of thrown silk, for which 231,400 Vienna lbs,of raw silk have to he worked up.
Of the remainder of the raw silk (23,200 lbs.) about14,000 lbs. are distributed through the other southern pro-vinces, and the remaining 9,200 lbs. appropriated to otherpurposes.
Thus we find a resulting total of production equal to| 3,374,000 Vienna lbs. of thrown silk.