1016

AUSTRIA.

168 Schubeet, Anton, Vienna —Clockmaker.Different kinds of clocks; including bracket, table, and

small toilet clocks.

169 Kealiii, S., Pesth , Hungary —Clockmaker.

A travelling clock with 13 escapements.

A gold cylinder watch.

170 Zelisko, Ait oust, Prague —Clockmaker.

A pendulum clock, going a twelvemonth, jewelled socketand escapement.

170a Andeewalt, Pasquale, Trieste and 5 Vine Street,Regent Street —Manufacturer.

Three pendulum clocks, Nos. I and 2, moved by thedisengagement of hydrogen gas, which renews, at statedtimes, their winding up. No. 1 will go for 30 years, andNo. 2 for 20 years, without ever requiring to be woundup. They may be wound up for a century, withoutalteration in dimensions or form. No. 3, a barometricalclock, constantly winds itself up by the pressure of theatmosphere on quicksilver. Provisionally registered.

171 Chiachich, Michaei, Fiume —Spinner.Specimens of cotton yam.

[Cotton-spinning and weaving have of late years beengreatly on the increase in Austria , owing to the demandfor home consumption. Bohemia, Lower Austria , andYoralberg, in the Tyrol, contain most of the spinning-mills ; Bohemia has by far the greatest number of esta-blishments for weaving and printing. The erection ofpow r er-looms has not been extensive, the greatest part ofthe articles produced being woven by hand by the inha-bit'ants of the Bohemian mountain-frontier districts. Theproduction of cotton yarn and goods has increased of lateyears in a measure which bears no proportion to the smallnumber of the samples exhibited.]

172 Geillmayee, Johann, Linz , Upper Austria —

Spinner.

Specimens of cotton yam.

173 HieSciieb & Mineebi, Haidenschafl, IUyria.White cotton warp yarn.

Red-dyed cotton mule yam.

173a Lenssen, Julius, Tischnowitz , Bohemia —

Red cotton yarn.

174 Peegee, Josee, Hirtenberg —Spinner.

Cotton yarn in various stages of manufacture.

175 POEDENONE COTTON MlLL AND DYEING ESTA-

BLISHMENT, near Venice.

Samples of cotton twist, dyed Turkey red.

176 Richtee, Ebanz, Smichow, near Prague , Bohemia

—Spinner.

Yam spun from Mobile cotton.

[The cotton manufacture gives employment the wholeyear round to hundreds of thousands of individuals; butno other branch is subject to such fluctuations, and theseare occasioned, in the first place, by the necessity fordrawing the supply of the raw material from abroad.The rapid development of the cotton manufacture isshown in the clearest manner by the quantities importedat given periods. On an average of the five years, 1843to 1847, they had mereased to 403,100 cwt. In the year1846 they had reached 447,300 cwt., and had thus within18 years increased sevenfold. The exports of cottonwere unimportant, amounting on an average to about1,700 cwt. only a year : so that the whole quantity im-ported may be considered as entering for manufactureinto the home consumption of the Austrian monarchy.

The first process in the preparation of the cotton takesplace in the spinning-mills. In the year 1847 the Austrian monarchy contained 206 spinning-mills, with 6,125 spin-ning machines, and 1,421,986 spindles. These, however,are very unequally distributed over the several provinces.The greatest number of spindles was possessed by LowerAustria , which could reckon 52S,l)16, most of them in theneighbourhood of Vienna, and by Bohemia which had448,368. Next in order was the Tyrol, which could count195,410 (these almost exclusively in the Vorarlberg ), thenLombardy, with 104,473 spindles, and Upper Austria with 64,489. In the other provinces, spuming millsoccur but sparingly, here and there.

The entire stock of cotton of all these mills was, at thebeginning of 1849, about 52,659 cwt., and they suppliedthemselves in the course of that year, to the further ex-tent of 499,012 cwt. Their total production for the sameyear, of cotton yarn and twist, was 397,240 cwt.

There w T ere employed directly in the spinning millsnearly 30,000 workpeople; but the number indirectlyemployed being large, this amount is thereby raised toabout 50,000 hands.]

176a Dieezees’ Heies, Johann, Theresinthal, nearGmunden, Upper Austria .

Specimens of cotton yarn.

177 Eeohlich’s Sons, G. A., Warnsdorf , Bohemia —

Manufacturers.

Cotton velvet of different kinds, dyed and printed.White flannel.

178 Geohmann, Cael, Lindenau, Bohemia —

Manufacturer.

Cotton yarn, dyed Turkey red and pink.

Cotton velvet and calico, dyed Turkey red.

179 Lange, Fkanz, & Sons, St. Georgenthal , Bohemia

—Manufacturers.

Cotton velvets of different kinds.

180 Wintee, Joseph, Vienna —Manufacturer.Quilted bed-covers.

181 Ehingee, Albeet, Oberiangenau, near Ilohenelbe,

Bohemia —Manufacturer and Bleacher.

Various cotton goods. Jaconets, handkerchiefs, &c.

182 Eeiedeich, Andeeas, Vienna —Manufacturer.Various cotton goods, shirtings, muslins, thibets, &c.[In addition to the yarn of Austrian production, con-siderable quantities of the finest yams are annually im-ported from abroad. In the five years, from 1843 to1847, there were imported annually 41,787 cwt., whereasno more than 1,464 cwt. w'ere exported annually duringthe same interval.

The weaving, in by far the greatest proportion, per-tains to the domestic industry of the monarchy, thenumber of the more extensive establishments being verysmall. It is followed most extensively in Bohemia , whereit employs 180,000 people. Moravia and Silesia comenext with regard to the extent to which this occupation isfollowed, although but one single cotton spinning-millexists in them (and that only since 1848) : in these pro-vinces 40,000 persons earn a subsistence by weaving. InLower Austria, and especially in Vienna , mixed stuffsparticularly are manufactured, and this is, to some ex-tent, the case in Upper Austria also. In Styria, Illyria ,Galicia, and in the province of Venice, the cotton manu-facture is but inconsiderable. In the Tyrol (the Vorarl-berg ) the yarn produced is not worked, but is principallysent to Lombardy, Bohemia, Moravia, and Austria . Thecotton weaving of Lombardy is of more importance,