FRANCE.

1169

from the descent of water, of recent introduction, and already of extensive application to the cotton and silkfactories of France , and to other mills. The power developed by the fluid in motion is very great, and thearrangement of the machine extremely compact and effective. The mules for cotton-spinning, the cardingengines for cotton and wool, and the endless paper-making machines, form objects of instructive comparisonwith the magnificent display of similar machines in the British collection. The kitchen apparatus, boilers,and numerous other machines are likewise of an instructive character. The philosophical instruments andmusical instruments, inclusive of the organ in the Nave, form also an interesting group of objects. Opticalinstruments of different kinds are exhibited in great perfection.

Among the Manufactures, attention cannot fail to be claimed by the gorgeous productions of the silk-loomsof Lyons, which are arranged in cases in the Gallery. The cotton manufactures, and those of wool and linen,are not less interesting. Wherever these admit of the introduction of a design, even in the commonestarticles, there the peculiar and graceful indications of artistic feeling, which render the patterns producedpopular, even among those wlio'may not be able to recognise the cause of their harmony, are manifest. Theskilful arrangement of many of these articles adds much to their attractiveness in the Exhibition. Thesplendid tapestries of the Gobelins, and of other national manufactories, as that at Beauvais, form, perhaps, oneof the most interesting features of the whole collection. They are accompanied by specimens also of Sevres porcelain, the articles in which, inclusive of vases, paintings, &c., are of great rarity and costliness. Thefurniture exhibited partakes of the usual character of the French productions of this class, and many indicatethe employment of talent of a high order in their design and execution.

This collection is extremely rich in those articles which form so large and important a feature in Parisian industrv—articles of bijouterie, vertu, &c., and jewellery. The multitude of objects exhibited in this class,and their variety, strongly suggest the idea of a great demand for such elegances, and of the existence ofmany skilful designers occupied in their production. The beautiful display of jewels exhibited by HerMajesty the Queen of Spain, and the jeweller of that Court, attract universal notice. The specimens of paperand printing exhibited include a number of objects of interest; and the coloured and other lithographs, andstereotypes by new processes, evidence much progress in this department. Photographs on paper and onsilver (Talbotype and Daguerreotype) are exhibited, and form a. very interesting collection. The French photographers have made great progress in the art of the Talbotype (an English discovery ), and beautifulpictures taken by modifications of that process are shown. Those taken on glass plates, of which the positivepictures or proofs only are shown are, in some instances, taken by a process largely employed to obtainphotographs for the Royal Commissioners in illustration of the Juries’ Reports. Objects of sculpture and ofthe fine arts are likewise exhibited, and add to the interest of the collection.

The whole collection forms a fit illustration, and also an adequate one, of the present state of the industryof France ; and it is interesting to regard it, also, as in some degree offering an exemplification of the effect ofexhibitions of industrial products upon the nature and quality of the articles produced. The excellence andabundance of the objects of minute art would appear to indicate a high state of refinement; but their perfectionforms, however, an observable contrast to the state of articles of a more ordinary character, and extensivedemand. Although much has been done in the improvement of these articles, they do not admit ofcomparison with the perfect execution and manufacturing skill displayed in those of a more costly description.That improvement in the manufacture of these commoner articles of life, which is now rapidly extending inFrance , may be in part attributable to the powerful encouragement to the production of this class of objectsconstantly offered at the National Expositions at Paris.—R. E.

1 Adolphe, Giiaiiles, Mnlhonse (llani-RMn) — Manu-

facturer. (Agent, Mr. Guebin, 8 Rue cle laBourse, Paris .)

Pieces of silk and woollen damask, wrought by Jacquardlooms. _

2 Agombabd, P., St. Quentin (Aisne )—Manufacturer .Hydraulic lime reduced to powder by a patent process;

suitable for water-works, for inside and outside coatings,and for building purposes.

3 Alboy, L. N., Bois-Milon, Setts (Oise )—■

Manufacturer.

Specimen of a plough of peculiar construction, andother agricultural machinery.

4 Alcan & Locatelli, 28 Rue dPEnghien, Paris —

Civil Engineers. (Agent M. IvOEBEE, 11 QueenStreet, Golden Square .)

Various files, manufactured by a new process on theprinciple of hardening the teeth at the same time thatthey are cut; patented in France, England, Belgium ,and Germany. The French patent is worked by anoperative association established in Paris , Rue Philip-peaux, Passage de la Marmite.

5 Alcan & Limey, 28 Sue dlRnglden, Paris —Civil

Engineers. (Agent M. IvOEBEB, 11 Queen Street,Golden Square.)

Specimens of dyed and undyed raw silk. Cold-water

spun silk. Ungummed and dyed raw organzines. Silk spun from Calcutta cocoons. The samples exhibitedare said to be produced by such a simple process andmachinery, that after a few hours’ practice a personunacquainted with silk spinning will be enabled to spinperfectly. Skeins of silk produced by the old and by thenew process.

6 Allix, Andee Julien, 41 Sue Montmartre, Paris

—Wax Modeller.

Figures for hair-dressers. Stays and fancy articles.

7 Angband, Ale., 59 Rue Meslay, Paris —

Manufacturer.

Specimens of borders ill gilt and coloured papers ; thebands are for ornamenting bales of linen; the large-sizedgilt borders, which can be made a yard long, are used fortlie frames of mirrors, or for ornamenting apartments.

Specimens of paper for tlie tops of embossed boxes, andfor the covers of books.

Specimens of fancy papers, and various specimens ofcard-board, for the manufacture of boxes for confectionersand perfumers; likewise paper called “ cosaques, ” used forwrapping sweetmeats; and bands of silver lace-paper, forbinding cakes in England and Scotland .

The following is the list of the fancy papers :—1. Giltand silvered, plain and satin, engraved, figured and laced.2. Porcelain-paper, figured, printed, painted, and gilt;every kind of ornamental paper used in binding, framing,