1174
FRANCE.
54 Berk & Co., 17 Rue de Clery , Paris —Manufacturers.
(Agents, Graetzer & Herman, 3 Huggin Lane,Wood Street , Cheapside .)
Various specimens of embroidery on net and muslin.
55 Berrus Brothers, 73 Hue Montmartre , Paris —
Producers.
Various designs for cashmere shawls.
56 Berthault, —, Issoudun ( Indre )—Manufacturer.Parchments of various sorts for bookbinding, boxes,
sheaths, printings, &c.
57 Bertiiiot, — , 5 Hue Oblin ,, Paris —Currier.Specimens of Paris and Milan leather of a superior
quality.
58 Bertonnet, — , 56 Passage Choiseul , Paris —
Manufacturer.
Three guns to show their different stages of manu-facture. Three guns, showing the same in a differentstyle. A dark brown barrelled gun, mounted with pla-tinum. A swivel gun chased and engraved.
A pistol for saloon practice, engraved. Two pistols forsaloon practice. A hunting-knife, with dark brown steelhandle. A gun adapted for various purposes.
A brace of pistols of improved construction, one ofwhich exhibits the process of manufacture, with boxesand apparatus. A brace of pistols with box. A swivelgun, inlaid in gold, with ebony stock. A gun, withebony stock, polished and engraved. A gun, engraved inthe style of Louis XV . A gun constructed for the use ofa person deprived of the right eye. Four guns. A hunt-ing-knife, with handle of green ivory, sheath, &c., engravedand inlaid in gold. Gun-barrel hinged.
59 Bertrand, Francois, & Co., Ganges {Herault )—
Inventors.
Fishing-net, for sea-fisliing, made by patent machinerywith a single thread. Exhibited for simplicity of me-chanism and economy of workmanship.
60 Bescher, Rigi-omer Francois, 2 Rue Guenegaud ,
Hotel des Monnaies , Paris —Inventor.
Patent musical compositor. Apparatus of demonstra-tion, representing the musical scale in relation with apianoforte key-board.
In works on musical composition, the extent and dura-tion of sound, as also their fractional equivalents, aregenerally represented by conventional signs. The musicalcompositor is intended to render the comparison of theseconventional signs more obvious, and to be a means ofproducing every possible combination, whether simple orcompound. It is an instrument for facilitating the ex-planation of the principles laid down in the differentmethods extant.
The extent or division of sound, from grave to acute, isrepresented on the musical compositor by a finger-boardcomposed of musical keys, which correspond alternatelywith the lines and spaces placed in juxta-position, andwhich take the names of the respective keys. These linesand spaces form the musical scale of which they representthe degrees; and these degrees are disposed so as to re-ceive the keys and staves which serve to mark the divisionof the scale. In explaining the connection which existsbetween the keys, the distance from one sound to another,and its inversion, the alteration of notes, the formation ofchromatic and diatonic scales, in the major or minorinodes—in short, everything which refers to the divisionof sound from grave to acute—the moveable key-board,placed in juxta-position with the musical scale, will be ofgroat utility, having the advantage over the key-board ofan ordinary piano-forte, of presenting to the eye the wholeof the exercise, whilst the keys were being pushed forward;anti remaining in that state, the number of tones or demi-tone3 which separate each of the degrees may easily be
calculated, and thus by analogy the formation of the sameexercise in another key may be facilitated.
The duration of sound consists in placing, from left toright, on the lines, or in the spaces of the staves, and in aprescribed space called a measure, one or more signs callednotes, representing by their relative value the number andduration of the sounds to be produced in a specifiedinterval of time. In noting music with the compositor,paper is replaced by moveable staves, which are placed onthe musical scale in juxta-position with the key-board.In like manner the pencil or pen is replaced by notes cut-in metal, representing every variety of musical value.These notes are contrived so that they may be fixed onthe lines or in the spaces of the staves. The musicalnotes being thus represented, the touch comes to theassistance of the memory and judgment, and as the com-parison becomes more obvious, the notes are more easilydistinguished from one another, and the possibility ofcomposing and recomposing the bars, in passing pro-gressively from a full note to its smallest fractions, isreadily understood.
61 Besnard, Ricnoux, & Genest, Angers (Maine
and Loire ).
Various specimens of hemp ropes and cords of all sorts,for marine, fishing, packing, and for all other manufac-turing and commercial purposes.
62 Biber, L., 32 Rue Hautefeuille , Paris —Inventor.
Patent clyso-irrigator, or clyso-syphon.
63 Bondon, Louis , 5 Rue Grange-aux-Belles, Impasse
Ste. Opportune , Paris —Manufacturer.
White and coloured porcelain papers and cards. Stucco-paper and cards of various colours; damask papers ;gelatina, rendered impermeable, for boardings and print-ings of all descriptions, but chiefly polychromography.
64 Bonnassieux, —, 57 Rue du Cherche-Midi,
Paris —Sculptor.
Cupid cutting off his wings : a figure in bronze, byMessrs. Eck & Durand, Founders, Paris .
65 Blank, J. D., 20 Rue du Roi de Sidle, Paris —Inventor.
Specimens of marquetrie and of mosaics in imitationof ivory and tortoiseshell.
66 B lanvin, —, 7 Rue des JEnfans Rouge, Paris —Manufacturer.
Specimens of round metal mirrors, with stands; em-bossed frames, with engravings, &c.
67 Bourdaloue, —, Resident Engineer of the Rail-
way du Gard, Bowrges {Cher) —Inventor.
Plan of a double self-acting railway, executed in 1844,by M. Bourdaloue, Resident Engineer of the Gard Rail-ways. By this plan the descent of the wagons, loadedwith coal, is made to draw the empty wagons to theirstarting point from the coal-mine. By this arrangement20 horses and eight hands were no more required, and thecarriage of the coals was reduced from 2s. 6d. per ton to3^. From 500 to 600 tons are thus carried away daily.The loaded wagons coming out of the mine are impelledby their gravity along the railway. By this diminishedgravity, due to the weight of three wagons of coals on theincline, they raise simultaneously three empty wagonsfrom the bottom of the mine shaft.
68 Boas Brothers & Co., 4 Rue Vide-gousset ,
Paris —Manufacturers.
Brocaded cachmere and worsted shawls.
69 Boyer, P. J,, Dole Jura —Watch-maker.Watches not requiring winding up for eight days and
for thirty-two days (a patented invention).