1362

RUSSIA.

which it has been applied, render these articles extremely attractive to every visitor. The vases in jasper,of great size and value, form a scarcely less interesting group. In the department of line arts, the beautifulapplications of the electrotype process to the production of medallions and casts, and the medals in guttaperchacommemorative of the Turkish and Persian wars, form a principal feature. Those interested in the art ofproducing beaten work will observe with attention a copy of the Warwick vase in hammered copper. Thelarge porcelain vases are valuable specimens of the state of the ceramic art at St. Petersburg !!.—R. E.

1 Imperial Bogoslovsky Coppee Woeks,Government of Perm.

Native copper, from Michael Archangel min e. Redoxide of copper, ■with green carbonate ore in compactlimestone, from Soukliodoisk mine. Red oxide of copper,with green and blue carbonites of copper, from MichaelArchangel mine. Red oxide of copper, in hardened clay.Tile ore (Ziegelerde), impregnated with native copperfrom Yassilievsk mine. Bituminous copper ore, fromFrolovsk mine; also, spotted with green and blue car-bonates of copper, from Michael Archangel mine. Earthyblack oxide of copper in white clay, from Yassilievskmine. Black oxide of copper, from Michael Archangel mine. Copper pyrites.

All these ores contain from 2£ to 7£ percent, of copper.

Yitrcous ore, with copper pyrites, impregnated withquartz, from Michael Archangel mine. Amorphous vitre-ous ore, from Yassilievsk mine. Yitreous ore, with calca-reous spar, from Soukliodoisk mine. Yitreous ore, inwhite clay, from Yassilievsk mine; also, crystallized withcopper pyrites, from Frolovsk mine.

All these ores contain from 13£ to 37 per cent, ofcopper.

Reniform malacliite, with bituminous ore, in a decom-posed state, from Frolovsk mine. Radiated malachite,from Soukliodoisk mine. G-reen carbonate of copper, withred oxide of copper, from Soukhodoisk mine. Blue andgreen carbonates of copper, and vitreous ore, from Bogos-lovsk mine. Red clay, used for the repairing of furnaces.White refractory clay, used for preparing cement andfire-bricks; also for lining furnaces in the manufacturingof copper. Frolovsk sand, used for beds of furnaces.The different materials for the furnaces in the manufac-turing of copper. The different products in the processof the refining of copper. Copper of a pale rosy colour,vory malleable and ductile, contains about 35 lbs. ofcopper in 36 lbs. An assay of fine copper.

[The copper ores of the district of “Bogoslovsky” arefoimd to the north of the smelting establishment of thatname, in a locality called “ Tourinsk,” after the name of ariver flowing in that vicinity. Beneath a bed of a cal-careous transition formation, the primitive calcareous rockis. discovered which contains the deposit of copper ores.Its direction is north-west and south-east, and its pro-longation must be very considerable, because diggings thathave been tried in many directions, and at remote dis-tances from Tourinsk, have always encountered this as thepredominating formation of that region. The subordinaterocks of this series consist of argillaceous talcose varieties,feldspar, amphibolite, &c. The ores of copper developthemselves in beds, in lodes, and nodules, which, in theirdirection and position, agree, in all conditions, with thedirection and superposition of the usual beds of suchdeposits.

The copper mines of Bogoslovsky cannot fail to promise aprosperous future, and might become a source of far moreconsiderable revenues than are at present realized fromthem, were those resources applied to their improvementthat are now exclusively devoted to the search after, andworking of, auriferous sands. Their treatment would beequally susceptible of modifications that might be intro-duced into them with regard to apparatus and machinery,

quality of fuel, modes of consuming it, &c.—( cc Annuairedes Mines,” vol. i., pp. 80-85.)]

2 Imperial Alexandrovsky Cannon Foundry,Government of Olonetz.

Iron ores. Limestone . Cast iron, for heavy guns.[The mining district of Olonetz is situated in a veryremarkable conglomerate of angular fragments of alteredslate, with.minute felspathic veins. The mines are atPetrozavodsk , on the shores of Lake Onega.—L. T. A.]

3 Imperial Artinsk Works, District ofZlataoust.

Specimens of cast steel, used for making scythes andsaws.

4 Imperial Barnaoulsk Works, District ofAltaisJc , Siberia .

Silver ores from Zmeevsk mine, contains 1£ drams ofsilver in 36 lbs.; from Salairsk, If drams in 36 lbs.; fromZerianofsk, 12$ drams in 36 lbs.; from Sokolni, 4f dramsin 36 lbs.; from Semenovsk, 2-J- drams in 36 lbs. • fromRidersk, If drams of silver, and drams of lead in 36 lbs.Limestone . Lake salt. Fire-brick. Slags, and the dif-ferent products in the process of refining the above-namedores. Fine silver.

[In the Altai, as in the Ural, traces are met with ofancient mining works that are attributed to that Finnish nation which passes under the generic appellation of the“ Tchoudes.” These traces have penetrated the soil ineveiy direction, but the nature of the implements thatwere used by the earliest inhabitants of Siberia did notpermit them to attempt breaking through the hard rocks,and they must have limited their efforts to the extractionof the softer ores from the delfs or quarries. Be this asit may, their workings have been long abandoned; andthe very fact of their existence, even, was unknown toEurope , when Akcnfi Lemidoff, having ascertained, aboutthe year 1723, that some Russian peasants settled on thebanks of the Ob had found copper ores, caused that tractof country to bo explored, and commenced some diggingsthere in 1726. These discoveries led, at a later period, tothat of silver ores, and particularly to that of tho cele-brated mine of Zmcinogorsk or Zmeioffsk, worked, in thefirst instance, by Lemidoff, who knew how to appreciateits value: it was repurchased by the Crown in 1747, andhas remained Crown property ever since. From the dateof its discovery down to 1835, this mine, originally veryill worked, seeing that in the commencement the workmenthrew away all the poorer ores, lias yielded 36,941 poodsand 5 pounds of silver, containing 1,000 pounds of gold;and the whole of the mines of this circle have yielded anaggregate of 183,884,116 poods of ores, from which havebeen extracted 69,708 poods of silver, containing a quan-tity of gold estimated at 1,900 poods.

The discovery of other mines, among which must benoticed, in the first rank, those of Reddersk, Zerianofsk*Krioakofsk, &c., have contributed to replace the exhaustedminerals of Zmeinogorsk , and to maintain, at the scale of