SU IT LEM EN T.—UNITED K1NGD0M.
1407
Rr tislic taste of the period was exercised in devising formstimes grotesque, at others curious. In the present‘“stance they are introduced not so much for purposes ofu,1 'ity as to add to the completeness and keeping of thest °ve they accompany.—W. C. A.]
bJ 0 Eodokks Joseph, & Sons, C Norfolk Street, Sheffield —Manufacturers.
. Sportsman’s knife, containing eighty blades and other“struments, of the finest cast-steel, highly worked andP'dished, the surfaces ornamented with gold inlaying,clnng j and engraving, re]>resenting various subjects, iu-udnig views of the Exhibition Building, Windsor Castle ,sborne House, the Britannia Bridge, &c. The handle12 inches long, of mother-of-pearl, carved with subjects“•Hematic of the chase, from designs by Wehnert; oneJle represents the death of the stag, the other that of theV11 d boar.—P. 607.—Plate 335.
j l»e ornamentation of the blades of knives, razors, &e.,. '-‘h'liing, is readily accomplished. 'The blade is either•'““‘ted with a material capable of resisting the acid, (the•““'Is required dead being left out,) or the entire blade is“°vered, and, as in ordinary etching on copper, the surfaces then exposed by the use of etching needles : the former“'••hod gives the greatest breadth of effect, the latter theJ“°st perfect detail. When the design is completed, the^ ,le le is subjected to the action of acetic acid until theS ‘B“ >s sufficiently distinct: the acid is neutralized byashing ; n water; and the ground being removed, thePresentation will be found in depth corresponding tol<! time allowed and strength of the acid.—W. C. A.]797
'vitl° W ^ er l’' st °l flasks and shot-pouches ornamented. “ silver. A in-oat varietv of natterns and sizes illus-
Uixon, James & Son, Cornish Place, Sheffield—Manufacturers.
] 0 .'“B several simple and other contrivances for quick■'“*g in powder flasks and shot pouches.
"'Pl-'t? usul ^ hy travellers and sportsmen.—P. 60!).
[1 owder flasks are usually made of sheet copper, and111 * u two halves, in the manner already described0p er Stamped Brassfoundry; the two halves are checkedt) together up the side. In the construction of
collar or top, from which project the measuring tubes,at . le hWe ingenuity is displayed. The three in the centreti ' " lu ‘••'“'•ration are fitted with a circular or ellip-
clo S h r ‘ n g, which bears upon the tliumb-bit, and thereby•j.| Sl!s l '‘e aperture, preventing the escape of the powder.^, le spiral check admits of the charge being increased or^““nished. r The operation is simple: the point of the•ht^' 1 ' * S t0 * >e l’' ace 'l at t'*c end of the charge-pipe, thel'tessed against the projecting snag, the flask turnedM,, ° a ** ow " 10 tube to be filled, after which the snag is0‘ d charge remains in the tube. The other
t ] Vai le, ' t ‘ s operate by means of a piece of metal moving
silver. A preat variety of patterns and sizes illus-
Cei* 0 i “•*C‘’“ately opens and shuts as the charge is re-Th', * ll>1 “ *•'“ fluslc ““'• deposited in the charge-tube,ivli' 'lelicate-coloured bronze is the result of an oxide
••rut 1 * S m “'le to adhere artificially to the copper; it is“Pl'e- W **' 1 ro “Ke-powder, which materially improves its
centre, and to each end of which is a small flap,
•trance.—\y. c. A.]
802 i.
tvoiiERTSON, Cauii, & Stuki,, Chantry 11 orks,
(),, Sheffield —Manufacturers.
l >>iuim''. Uoutal cast - iron lnantlepiccc, in Berlin black, withU8, °~ loo “* grate and fender complete.—P. U70.—Plate
b*- Ush w •'lack” is a varnish or japan applied with a> a “d has the property of covering without interfer-
ing with the sharpness and delicacy of the details of thecasting. The .iron ornaments and castings imported fromBerlin were covered with a coating somewhat similar;hence the designation.—W. C. A.]
804 Kennard, H. W., & Co, (17 Upper Thames Street,London, and hum Works, Falkirk , N, B. —Manu-facturers and Proprietors.
Heraldic coat of arms of the United Kingdom in cast-iron, with inscription on the base, 8 feet 4 inches by 0feet. The arms of the three kingdoms may be had on ashield arranged quarterly.—Plate 391.
lioyal British coats of arms in cast-iron, with appropriatemotto and inscription on the base, in sizes from 1 foot 10inches hipli by 1 foot 10 in. wide, 2 feet 2 in. high by2 feet 8 in. wide, and also 4 feet (i in. hijfli, and f> feetwide, cast straight or circular for corners, with or withoutflags.
They are well adapted for Government buildings, shop-fronts, and various decorative purposes.—P. 670.—Plate392.
[Castings are produced in iron by the same means asare employed to produce those in brass or bronze. Threedistinct varieties of processes arc, however, understood bythe trade. The first called green-sand casting, in which thesand is used as it is taken from the original bed. The second,dry-sand casting: in this, after the moulding of the articlehas been completed, the box with the impression is passedinto a drying-stove, where the damp in the sand isevaporated. The third variety, or loam-moulding, isexecuted in the following manner: an inner core of brick-work is coated with loam (composed of clay, sand, hair,&c., mixed up into an adhesive mass); this is smoothedinto the form of the interior of the vessel or object desired.A sheet or thickness of loam is then spread, correspond-ing to and representing the thickness of the casting itself:this having been smoothed and shaped by templates tothe required form, if circular, or wrought with trowels orother tools, if of a more complicated shape, then followsa coating of loam again, and upon this is built an outerdome or covering of bricks. The whole is now dried, andthe middle coating is broken away, which creates a spacecorresponding in form to the object desired, and into this,when the mould is closed, is poured the melted metal.Not unfrequently, however, in the casting of cylinders,tubes, and pillars or columns, such as were employed inthe construction of the Crystal Palace , a union of sandand loam casting occur, the hollow being formed of acore, in the centre of which is an iron rod, upon which ahay rope has been wound: on this loam is coated, dried,turned down smooth, and in size corresponding to the holeor opening down the centre of the casting; the hay ropealluded to allows of the escape of the gas generated. Thecasting, after being suitably dried, is laid in the print ofthe mould; the space left round it, and made by thepattern, is filled with metal, but the core presents an ob-struction to the metal which flows round it: on cooling,the core is broken out, and a tube or hollow column isthe result. In sand-casting in iron the principal requisiteis a sand almost perfectly silicions, and without thepresence of clay, or at least with as little in it as possible;its absence seems to allow the escape of the gases generatedby the melted metal, which, if not provided with sufficientmeans of exit, would most undoubtedly injure the cast in itssolidity, or cause the metal to blow back by the runners.The sand impression from the model is frequently dustedwith charcoal powder to improve its capability of oopyingthe finer lines and details; at other times, after beingdried in the stove, the mould is smoked or torched fromthe fiame of a link composed of flax and tar, "The