34 CONSTITUTION OF

To declare war, grant letters-of-marque and reprisal, and make rules con-cerning captures on land and water:

To raise and support armies ; but no appropriation of money to that useshall be for a longer term than two years:

To provide and maintain a navy:

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and navalforces :

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, sup-press insurrections, and repel invasions :

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for gov-erning such part of them as may be employed in the service of the UnitedStates , reserving to the states, respectively, the appointment of the officers, andthe authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed bycongress :

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district(not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states,and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the UnitedStates , and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consentof the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection offorts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings :—and,

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into ex-ecution the foregoing powers, vested by this constitution in the government 01the United States , or in any department or officer thereof.

SECTION IX.

Restrictions The migration or importation of such persons as any of the stateson congress. now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited bythe congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a taxor duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars foreach person.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unlesswhen, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.

No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed.

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to thecensus or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No prefer-ence shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports ofone slate over those of another : nor shall vessels bound to or from one state,be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

Public No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence

lr.Duey. 0 f appropriations made by law : and a regular statement and accountof the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published fromtime to time.

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States , and no personholding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent ofcongress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind what-ever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.

SECTION X.

Restrictions No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation;on the states. g ran t letters-of-marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills olcredit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts;pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation ofcontracts ; or grant any title of nobility.

No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or dutieson imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing itsinspection laws ; and the neat produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state