374
FIIAOTICAL CONSTiiUCTION.
States; with extreme lightness it possesses great strength. All mortise holes,tenons, auger holes are avoided in the construction, thus insuring the perfectintegrity of the timbers. Nails alone are used in the manner hereafter illus-trated, and advantage taken of the full tensile and compressible strength ofthe timber. For the following illustrations and descriptions, we are indebtedto the American Cultivator.
1380. Fig . G04 shows a portion of a balloon frame, drawn in isometrical per-spective. This is sufficient to show the whole manner of construction, theother parts of the building being a repetition. The manner of securing thedifferent timbers is shown in figs. G05 and GOG—the nails being driven diagonally,as in fig. G05, and in a manner to secure the greatest amount of strength. Infig. G05, a is the corner stud, 4 inches by 4; b b joists, 5 by 3; c, 2 by 4. Infig. GOG, d is the joist, e stud.
Fig. 604.
a *
ELEVATION RSOTION-UaNNKR
OP NAILINO.
Fig. <»06.
UPPER EDQE OP JOIST
ISOMETRICAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OP THE BALLOON PRAMS.
1381. The sizes of the different pieces of timber in a frame of this size are:sills, 3 inches by 8 ; corner studs, 4 by 4; other studding, 2 by 4; plate, 1 by 4 ;side strips, or side girts, 1 by 4 ; rafters, 3 by G, or 2jr by 5 will do; collars, 1by 4; floor joists, 3 by 8, or maybe 2 by 7. Rafters, studdings, and joistsare 16 inches between centres.
1382. Small buildings of this character, not calculated for heavy storage,may have all timbers 2 feet between centres. Small buildings of one storey,as tool-houses, granaries, cottages, &c., will be perfectly strong and secure, ifall the timbers above the first floor joists are ripped from common 1 j-ineh floorplank—thus make studdings, ceiling joists, and rafters, lj inch by 5.
1383. For large barns, storehouses, &c., larger sizes will be required. Theweight and power necessary to injure a building with 3 by 8 studding, with adouble row of bridging, is more than is ever practically applied to any store-house.
1384. The lining of a balloon frame adds immensely to its strength, particu-larly so if put on diagonally; it may be done outside or inside, though on thewhole the inside is preferable. If done outside, it should be carried over the