CAN
75
CAP
ca f e ° u ^ a ti°n of it must be left to experience. In trusses tlietyjH er tlie tie-beam should not be too great, as if so, itb enR t° thrust out and derange the principals. Whenbe o ^ mers occur one above another, the higher ones shouldin . er ed to a greater extent than those below, the camber^ e neath D '° <brect P ro P ort i° n t0 the number of bressummers
ciS ATED ’. arched.
12 or . j, . > in glazing, small slender rods of cast lead, abouttnake t * nc hes long, to be drawn through a vice, in order toCA Tvm 6< ^ ^ ea< ^ ’ eac ^ suc h har is called a came.plane • GE IBES’G, a ce 'h n g formed by one or morefrom th^ 1 ^ fr c h na ti ons rising at an internal obtuse anglei no . . e sides of the apartment, and most frequently enclos-c^i^el plane in the middle, in the manner of a covedwhere' * Eb * s h' nc l of ceiling is chiefly used in garrets,CA lir> Cnv ' se there would be a want of head-room.
Called +1 1 the body of the Corinthian capital, otherwiseCAlrp VCtSe 01 from its figure,chieflv • (from campana, a bell,) a bell-tower,
tinct a !? USe amon a the Italians . It was sometimes a dis-adjoij!- n<1 se P ai 'ate building of itself; but more commonlyUsu a n v n ® t0 tbe church, so as to make a part of the fabric,abl e jT at the west end. Several of these towers are remark-trhicU fi bein ? considerably out of the perpendicular, ofCam l0S - e EEa ant l Bologna are the most celebrated.tCona i>, anb ® 3 were erected to a great height; that of Cre-ren Ce ’ y e highest in Italy , is 395 feet high; that of FIo-of which' * by _ Giotto > 26 7 feet, of a square plan, the sidesis Iso f !U ! e ^5 f eet in length. The leaning tower of PisaCANa r ln be *» bt > and 13 feet out of the perpendicular.s inkint AE 0F TIIE l° NI c Yoi.ute, the spiral channel orex Pands°' n fr ce > which begins at the eye, in a point, andcornpW i* 1 Wl( i t h until the whole number of revolutions areof ]\y- e 1 In the volutes of the Ionic order of the templesCanal s ^ v . a Kolias and Erectheus, at Athens, are severalCava I *• ^ e §in and end in the manner above described.
Cax al 18 aEo uset i f° r a Flute.the soffit THE fr AR1IIER > the channel recessed upwards on’ tor nrevpv>t;„„ +i,„ ra in-water from reaching theSee Beak.
a small turret, sometimes
hed
preventing the
or lower part of the cornice.
CANARDIERE, or Guerite,Wood. - -
f '*ooa, and sometimes of stone; us ‘ ' for sen tinels.'c salient angles of works, as places o an( j use d for
they were formerly constructed on. C ’ip=texl security.ri «g, or discharging anything unseen in u w ;th cross-
, CAN CELIA, latticed windows, or those madecars of woodthose
i V\od.V of tli£
- which separate the chancel from tie
' c Wh. . anaoended over an
1 CANOPY, a magnificent covering ""Ve. See Bal-
1 a har, throne, tribunal, pulpit, chair, 0 i iea d of Gotlnc
' It also denotes the projectm 0
; niches or tabernacles. aitmifying t0 tu J n
CANT, a term used by carpen er , © wr onf wav for
a Piece of timber, which is brought intheir work. Also, the
a solid or buildiiMoulding,
°r iron.
windows, or those made with cross-Also balusters or rails, especially
^ a nes of
„ — * a solid or building. „ or one that is
Cant Moulding, a bevelled sur c > vertical sur-neither perpendicular to the horizon nor , g8 a re of veryface of the body or building. These ro tQ t y l6 Grecianremote antiquity, and have an effect si . ;nuS) is applied
echmns. A cant moulding, instead of the e -
the capital of ti*p'- 1 -
a ced°n ) an<1 °/l* be C0 ' u m ns of the portico of Philip, king of
to
Jl1 —-on
? 0I Uan edifiog* 11 man y other situations, both of Grecian andtle Ionian ^ 18 ex hjhited in Stewart’s Ruins of Alliens,ntiquities, and in Adams’s Ruins of the
Palace of Dioclesian, at Spalatra, in Dalmatia . Themouldings of our first Saxon buildings were originally verysimple, consisting only of surfaces perpendicular and parallelto the naked of the walls; though afterwards they wereformed not only of squares, but of cants also. These simpleforms continued in use for some time after the Conquest ;and even when a great variety of curved forms came to beintroduced, they were never entirely laid aside; we find themfrequently employed in the windows of castellated buildings,and other parts.
Canted Column, a column of which the horizontal sec-tions are polygons, consisting of straight sides instead ofconcave sides or flutes. Canted columns are not frequentlyto be met with in the works of the ancients, yet examplesmay be seen in the columns of the portico of Philip, king ofMacedon, and of the temple of Cora. The cants of columnsare difficult to execute with truth, so as to preserve thearrises in the proper contour of the column, and in a verticalplane passing through its axis; and when done, they wantthe beautiful contrast of light and shade, which is so con-spicuous in the flutings of the Grecian Doric .
CANTING, the cutting away a part of an angular bodyat one of its angles, so that the section may be a parallelo-gram, the edges of which are parallel from the intersectionof the adjoining planes.
CANTALIVERS, those blocks which are placed at regu-lar distances, projecting at right angles from the surface ofthe wall, and supporting the upper members of a cornice,the eaves of a house, or balcony: they answer the same pur-pose as modillions, mutules, blocks, or brackets, althoughthey are applied to more trivial purposes ; modillions, mu-tules, &c., being employed in regular architecture. Canta-livers are frequently made of timber, or cast iron, and pro-ject to a great distance. Those used in the cornice of St.Paul’s, Covent Garden, are of timber, and project one-fourthof the height of the column.
CANTHARUS, among ecclesiastical writers, a fountainor cistern in the middle of the atrium, before the ancientchurches, wherein people washed their hands and faces beforethey entered.
Cantharus of a Fountain, with the Romans, the part,or apparatus, out of which the water issued; it was ofvarious fanciful forms, sometimes resembling a shell, atothers, an animal vomiting the water from its mouth, andsometimes the stream issued through the eyes.
CANTIIERS, or Canterii, in ancient carpentry, thecommon rafters of a roof, or those placed in vertical planesat right angles to the ridge or eaves of the building.
CANTONED BUILDING, a building whose angles areadorned with columns, pilasters, rustic quoins, or anythingthat projects beyond the naked of the wall.
Cantoned Columns. See Columns.
CAP, the mouldings which form the head of a pier orpilaster.
Cap, in joinery, the uppermost part of an assemblage ofprincipal or subordinate parts. The term is applied to thecapital of a column, the cornice of a door, the capping oruppermost member of the surbase of a room, the liand-railof a stair, when supported by an iron strap, &e.
CAPACITY, in geometry, the solid content of a body.
CAPITAL, ( capitello , Italian ; from the Latin, caput , thehead) the assemblage of mouldings or ornaments above theshaft of a column, on which the entablature rests ; in otherwords, the head of the column. Capitals are variously com-posed, some with simple mouldings, others with mouldings,foliage, and volutes.