CAR

79

CAR

' n tbe workmanship. A correct method,

n 6 0re ’ valuing labour and materials, would he to! allo*f Ure and va ^ ue t ^* e "'hole by the cubic quantity, andj , v an . additional rate upon every solid foot of girders; or] usuJ^'^g-joists were not inserted in the girders at thei p r distances, a fixed price for every mortise and’ tenon^ inaren ^ l J a ? n to their size, which would keep a ratio with theA ° J ' 6 en d °f the girder.

tj Se( j S tae hinding.-joists are sometimes pulley or chase mor-r ecei'v ° rece * ve the ceiling-joists, and sometimes notched toby t |' e t ' le hridging-joists over them, they ought to he classeda ddif' emSe ^ Ve,s ’ at a su P er ' or price per foot cube, or at anjoistino- ^'-* Ce ^ or the workmanship, above that of commond es . this should always be allowed according to theip w .'? 10n °f workmanship, whether the ceiling-joists be puto r “ P u Hey mortises and tenons, or the bridgings notched■^ed down.

top ‘'tt't'ons may be measured by the cubic foot, but the sills,aecord' 063 ’ and door heads, should be measured by themselves,both t) 10 ^ t0 . tbe s<d '^ quantity, at an additional rate, becausem ans | . e uniform solidity, and the uniform quantity of work-br aceg II f > ’ are interrupted by them. In trussed partitions, thethat of S \ ou ^ he rated by the foot cube, at a superior price tothe upr -t y gartering, for the trouble of fitting the ends ofinn- ti , ts upon their upper and lower sides, and for form-T„ . abutments at the ends.

f In

t t>Classe d

passioned,for

roofing, all the timbers should be measured by the cubic1 as the difficulty of execution, or as the waste

ag ! J ’. rna y require. Common rafters may be rated theJ°isting or quartering; purlins at a superior price,raft erg; t [° uble of fittin g or notching down the commonPrineio'i ' 6 notching of the purlins themselves, upon thesev arioug sbou ' d be valued at per piece or notch. The'°8gles f arts °f trusses should be arranged separately; thethe ...., °Uld be paid for at. ner niece, inelndino- the tenons nt.

paid for at per piece, including the tenons atstruts; the mortising tie-beams and princi-

^“fcofThe

* ,<l and . uic iiiurusui” iie-ueuiiis uuii jjrniui

wi Se g 0 t taking the tenons of the truss-posts, should likeof f le _, gether; and the mortising and tenoning at the endss h°uld b 6ani3 and principals, in another class; strappingtffcse , n ? P a *d for according to the number of bolts. In allof th e work 1 " 3 ’ re ® ard must he had to the size and descriptionBatt en - '" common or bridging rafter-feet at per piece,to the n f -t ° Wa ^ s * s best measured by the square, accord-ing. 1 tensions and distances in the clear of the bat-

Ribbed c

r I u a r itit v , n S s should be measured according to the cubica proper allowance for the great waste of

stuff , lt ?’ ’Uidun'• the

fioti

> ■•ue price of labour will he r egulnted .by the° f tU « work, and also by the cubic quantity of timbe■ ■sa Jj l . mrne rs should be measured separately, at.such-,Pins! , ln J clude not only the mortises and tenons of th «

C l ed them, but the tenons at their extremities andtl u . rn l0! '? 3es °f the trimming-joists, which area ccm' In . tbis way, it would be unnecessary to take a ythe r« nt <d ' t h e tenons at the ends of the bridging-j 01 ® ,imme! ses in tlle trimming-joists to receive the ends of the

tW 0Uld he endless to enumerate the various methods ofleadi'nL 10 ^ - eacil P art ^ u ^ ar species of carpenter s w >

& articles only are here observed., .

vi 0Us t S00a as the shell of a building is finished that is, Ptered * i, th ? floors being laid, or the ceilings lathed and pexist’ n d t timbers should be measured, that no ou ydes er ' ®. t° the actual scantlings of the timbers, or

In i,, 1 ) 011 0 '' the workmanship. , , , n

pieces the dimensions, it must be observed,

h'ch have tenons, must be measured to the ex

mities of thfe tenons. Principal timbers, as binding-joistsand girders, go at least nine inches into the wall, or one-thirdof its thickness, if more than 27 inches.

In taking the dimensions of ^bond-timbers and wall-plates,the several laps must be added to the lengths. When thereis a necessity for cutting out parallel pieces from the sides oftruss-posts, as in king or queen posts, if the pieces cut outexceed 2^- feet in length, and 2J inches in thickness, theyshould be deemed pieces fit for use; hut their lengths shouldnot he reckoned so long by six inches, as the saw can hardlybe entered with less waste.

The boarding of the roof is measured by the square,according to the thickness and quantity of the boards, andthe manner of jointing them. In measuring for labour andmaterials, the most accurate method is, first, to find the cubicalcontents, the price of the cubic foot, including the prime cost,carting, sawing, waste, and the master’s profit; then add theprice of labour, properly measured, in the same manner as forthe journeyman. Labour and materials are variable, andhave no relation whatever to each other; consequently theycannot be reduced to single tables. The value of the cubicfoot may be calculated by having the prime cost of the load,or 50 cubic feet: for example, let it be required to findthe price of a cubic foot, when the price of the load is £10.

£ s. d.

50 feet cube fir, prime cost. 10 0 0

Cartage. 0 5 0

Sawing. 0 10 0

7 feet cube waste. 1 8 0

12 3 0

20 per cent profit on the above. 2 8 7

Master’s price per load.£14 11 7

Then as 50 cubic feet are to one cubic foot, so is£14. 11s. 7d. the price of 50 cubic feet, to the price ofpne cubic foot. Thus,

£ s. d.

50 : 1 14 11 7

20

291

12

5,0) 349,9

12)69$#

5 9

So that the price of the cubic foot wants only the fiftiethpart of a penny to be 5s. lOd. This is the rate of the mas-ter’s price for the fir, exclusive of labour.

The foregoing are the methods by which the various partsof workmanship should be analyzed, in order to discover alegitimate ratio of prices: but we regret to add, that no par-ticular account of time has been kept, in which the executionof certain uniform portions of work have been done, and bywhich alone we are enabled to give accurate calculations. Themethod of lumping work by the square, is not to be dependedon, in the general admeasurement of buildings, as the surfaceis not always of a uniform description of workmanship;thus, in hipped roofs, the greatest trouble is at the hips, incutting and fitting the jack-rafters, which are fixed at equaldistances thereon, and therefore such a price may be fixedupon the cubic quantity of hips and vallies, as will not only

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