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J> r - = ' that nobleman’s influence drawing - master to thejj Ce Wales, afterwards George III .to ]„ Was ein ployed, soon after the accession of George III. ,r estr - ° Ut the gardens at Kew, and there displayed, withoutar chit lnt ’ P ' S P re< ^’' ect ’ on f° r the Chinese style, both oftmm p eCtUre an ^ gardening, decorating the royal gardens withB e ; n r ° Us temples, pagodas, and other Asiatic buildings.ei »Dl P atron ' z(!( l by the King and Princess-dowager, he wastb e j as architect to the most considerable buildings of■^oard^’f and was also appointed Surveyor-General to thele as t . 0 Works in Somerset House, a situation worth at17 qq ' vo thousand pounds a year. Sir William died intast e ’ eavin S a large fortune. As an architect, although hisdeu r l"’ 8 ® fantastic, he frequently displayed a certain gran-nie^ 11 a ' 8 designs, and in the disposition of interior arrange-ti Ca i n ,P art ' cu larly, showed considerable ingenuity and prac-that j His chef-d’ceuvres are his staircases, particularly
at jj v ae kalian villa he erected for the Earl of Besborough,lWaH ampton ; and also those at Lord Gower ’s and thej n ^pHtiquarian Society’s.
ty as j e time of Sir W. Chambers, pure Greek architectureintr^u^.^ginning to be known in England ; and at first itsadopf ctl °n was not much favoured. The indiscriminatefill 6( j , n °i' Greek models for public buildings in London hasforrj, to e metropolis with structures quite unsuited in external^apted ^ n P rove the appearance of a large city, and often ill^hieh ti ln Rle * r internal arrangements, to the purposes forbuil(ji le y are designed. Instead of large masses and loftyP° rtico » s > the streets of London are crowded with mean
ele
“‘evaf and P’gmy pillars, attached to edifices of so littleby '° n ’ an d so much cut up into small parts, as to sufferThe P ar * son even with many of the adjoining houses,is, ; n a |reet-front of Somerset House, Chambers’s best work,Cffeeij res pects, better adapted to a great city, than ther iver-f r m ° dels w hich are now too generally adopted; and the^ ° nt ^ orras one of the boldest architectural objects inIts extp r °P°hs, particularly when beheld from the water.°f it s tp ^ and e l eva tion, and the majestic breadth and rangeat id itj,p o r g ace ’ g' v e it an air of grandeur exceedingly striking
■d TVea]'- 01 ^ 8 Published by Sir William Chambers were—V? Se Ph °' U Architecture, of which a new edition, by
^ e ^ati 0 Esq., F.S.A., appeared in 1824. Plans ,
f J( €l0 n f> Sections, and Perspective Views of the Gardens rf ea tise' Chinese Designs; and Chinese Gardening. His'° rt ' ec ‘i an ° n , pivil Architecture, though prejudiced against' v °i'k, ai °hitecture in favour of the Homan, is an excellentCli
the border of stone, or the woodenCa i>nnpy founding the three sides of a door, window, ortl ie le head of the chambranle is called the traverse,c Wji eri 0 s >des, the ascendants.
In' 6 cdla mhranle is plain, it is called a band, case, or^’rniovv ^ an ordinary door, it is called the door-case ; in a8 ° the’gjij 8 ^ndow-frame ; in the latter case, it comprehends. 0, ' e f aees ‘ When the chambranle is moulded with one orv^hliw’. an( I bordered outwardly with one or several
18 called an architrave ; though it should rather
atdiv - 06 a ™hitrave-moulded, being only an imitation ofof the entablature of an order.
CUa ' IEREH, Rustic. See Rustic.
Sutt^MPERET, a half scotia, being a kind of furrow, oru Cl 4li.v' ,l,lmn ; called also strix, and stria.
> of ! PER ING, vagicruv, to bend, the act of cuttmg thebevp] '“'thing, which was originally right-angled, aslope,f ’ 80 that when placed in its destined situation, themed by this cutting may be inclined to the .2 o
horizon, while the other parts are perpendicular and parallelto it.
A chamfer differs from a splay in being smaller, and incutting off an equal portion from either side. In Gothicarchitecture chamfers are very frequent, and are often orna-mented with mouldings and foliage at their terminations.
CHAMP, a flat surface, the ground of relieved sculpture,or engraving.
CHAMPAIN LINE, a conjunction of straight lines,forming indentations similar to the projecting parts ; the sidesof each ascending part, which are also the sides of the alter-nate indentations, being parallel to each other ; the bottom ofeach indentation being formed of three internal angles, andthe top of each projecting part of three external angles; eachascendant and each indentation being shaped alike on bothsides; that is, the corresponding angles and lines, whether ofthe ascendants, or in the depressions, being equal.
CHANCEL, that part of a church which is appropriatedto the clergy and others officiating in the public services.
The term comes from the Latin , cancellus, which, in thelower Latin , is used in the same sense, from cancelli, lattices,or cross-bars, which anciently partitioned the chancel fromthe other part of the church.
Externally, the chancel is distinguished as a projection atthe east end, of smaller dimensions than the nave, and with-out aisles; so that when the body of the church is accom-panied by aisles, it is very readily recognized, and in othercases by its proportionate dimensions. Sometimes, however,the chancel is of the same size and height as the nave, andthe aisles are continued to its eastern extremity; but even inthis case the division may be shown»by means of a belfry onthe apex of the roof at that spot or by some other suchmethod ; in some instances there is no distinction externally.Internally the chancel is usually separated from the nave bya lofty arch, in the spandrils above which is often a pictureof the Last Judgment; a further separation is effected by anornamental screen of wood or stone, more frequently of theformer, panelled and pierced in open tracery, surmountingwhich was, in former times, the rood-loft, or gallery in whichthe rood, or large crucifix, accompanied by the images of theblessed Virgin and St.John, was placed, facing the west endof the church. Here the level of the flooring was raised byone or more steps, and again before you arrive at the plat-form on which stood the altar; in-one or two cases the chancelis depressed below the level of the nave, but these are purelyexceptions.
When the aisles of the nave are continued eastward, theonly division consists of the screen and steps ; but the dis-tinction will be effected by some difference in the roof, or bythe superior quality of the decoration. In such cases theaisles are partitioned off from the chancel by other screens orparcloses.
The chancel is lighted by the east window, which shouldbe the most important in the building, and by two or more inthe north and south walls, according to its length. There isa door in one of the side-walls, towards the east end, for thepriest, leading into the vestry, or forming his entrance intothe church. The roof is of a more elaborate character thanthat in other parts of the structure, as indeed are all theenrichments. The floor was often covered with encaustic tiles,with devices of various colours painted on their surface,while the aisles in the body of the edifice were paved withtiles of a plainer description; the whole of the walls weresometimes decorated with colour and rich hangings, a methodwhich has of late been adopted with success in one or twochurches in London .
In the centre of the eastern wall was the altar, and on the