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bet\v 6S ^ aVe tPe * r apartments; and under these columns,“ rf 11 cel's, are four halls, i, occupied by idols.courts' 1 eaC ^ s ' de t ' 1 ' s g reat court are two other smallchen.

they all" 66 l dates - T' le pavilions are of different forms; butsimilar appearance, and the pro-

K > surrounded with buildings. One is for the kit-hosw L ,’ an d ^ or th e refectories, h ; the other serves for the( PUals, n, of which we shall speak.

Could 110 not "' ve the elevation of the great court, because itleast tl* 0 *” l ,:ive the suitable dimensions, without occupying at

Portions ^ lesent ~ -* "rr—"—“>

tcarl Det 'veen the colonnades and the pavilions are alsos ton / *he same. The boxes or cells of the bonzes are ofd 0Qr ’ they are very small, and admit no light but by thetn ateri . 'he bodies of the pavilions are built of the samethe o l ’ an< l the columns which surround them, as well asbuild’ °' lnades > are °f wood, having bases of marble. All thepor Ce , n ? 3 are covered with tiles, made of a coarse kind ofu Painted green, and varnished,kii^ _ e same plan is observed in all the temples of this°ccur’ a , r , ld b y detaching from them the three pavilions thatof t ] ‘ y the middle of the great court, we may form an ideaPlaun 1 j lanner in which Chinese edifices of great extent arePeaces ’ ° r l a ’d out - The imperial palace, those of theQii aet) 3 °P the blood, the palaces of the mandarins, the Kongt^Uie ’ or colleges of letters, are all disposed nearly in theat >d ® ann er» the principal difference consists in the number“ 'p] l ent °i' the courts.

Purp Q e edifices that the Chinese make use of for religiousPortp. are n °t, like those of the ancients, of any appropriate°r ko no >e Particular kind of construction that they call ting,8e^ enters indifferently into all kinds of edifices, theytoyyjj a 111 almost all temples, in all palaces, above the gates’ and, in short, in all buildings where they wish to

..j^agnificence.

Jdudj seen, in several quarters of Canton, four differentuUftij . ln gs. The three first are found in temples, and theThe many gardens

S 7; 11038

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1 L ^9 Of tV, Vr - - f - r - J --

a av e m tne -Nagada of Cochin-china , in the eastern suburb,tv^ach e^red many buildings of this kind; but have foundjb'uk tfi e 'Terence in their proportions, that I am inclined tof 1 that arohite cts, in that particular, follow no exact rule,a Ucy_ e Very one varies the proportion according to his<c in

Ui’e, drawing that I have given, the edifice is, as theya Sr , * 3e d on a base ; the ascent to it is by three steps.*|jch Sll are > surrounded by a colonnade of twenty columns,a a ' c b co’ t P ° rt a ro °P surmounted by a wooden balustrade,ec uU(l story 113 a S a U er y, or passage, surrounding the whole

3e e°nd story

J Uct i°u as tl' e first. ...... „ ..

( a ,°rnath U ^ ar to the Chinese ; the angles are enrichedr; The br<,!m.i 0 ^ scu 'pture representing dragons.

common form in these temples is seen in■ e Chambers’ work.) It is a pretty exact copy of

has the same figure and the sameIt is covered with a roof, of a con-

* Kjr oread H, c ,-— . ° — b -

(J: s Urfa C(; utn of the edifice, measuring it from the exte-

biJ^er r.p ,°, t ' le columns, is equal to the height; and thei ‘he ' - - - -

th. L llle body of the building takes two-tliirds of thete P 0 f ., e height of the order makes two-thirds of theto tw 0 ^.h°dy, and the height of the second story is

th e kn hebji y 11 ^. 8 t ' ie height of the first. The columnsoy b eam s and v? lne 0p t ' le l r diameters, the bases two, and0lle - Tl . ackets, which hold the place of capitals,Veip® th e tur at 18 a ' so t ' le elevation of the entrelases, whichforma „ n , . op t ' 1 e colonnade under the first roof, and

T besecond k l nd ° ffrieze -

kind of ting differs so little from that which

I have just described, that it has not appeared to me neces-sary to give a drawing of it. The first story is the same, |and all the difference of the second, is, that it is neither sur-rounded with a gallery nor with a balustrade, and that theroof which covers the colonnade comes close to the wall.

“ The third kind is represented, Plate I., Figure 3. Thisdrawing has been taken from several edifices of this kind ;and particularly from one of the pavilions of the pagoda ofHonang. The first story differs little from that of the firstting; but the second has columns on two of its sides, whichstand out and form covered galleries. I have seen, in someof these buildings, a continued colonnade all round the secondstory; but the form was not so agreeable to the sight as thatwhich I have represented.

“ There is very little difference between the proportions ofthis drawing and that of Plate I. The columns of the firststory are, in height, eight of their diameters, and the basesone. All the columns, except those of the corners, haveeight brackets at the top of their shafts, which form a kind ofvery clumsy capitals. This ornament, very common inChinese edifices, is not at all pleasing to our eyes. Thecolumns of the second orders are in diameter about four-fifthsof the diameter of the first. Their height is six diametersand a half, and they are without bases. Under the secondroof is seen an entrelas all around, composed of circles andsquares. The corners of the two roofs are enriched withornaments, which represent monsters and foliage; and thetop is ornamented with two dolphins at the two extremities,and in the middle with a great fleuron resembling a tulip.

“ These three forms are more frequent than any other inthe temples of China , and especially in those of much extent.For the small temples they often use the model shown inPlate I., Figure 2. Sometimes, as may be seen in thatdrawing, the edifice is shut before by movable gates, havingfour columns that advance in the manner of pro-style temples.At other times the building is quite open in the front, andhas simply four columns that support the roof.

“ I have seen at Canton some other forms of temples; butnone of them appeared to me worthy of representation excepttwo little buildings, of wood, raised in the courts of one ofthe pagodas of the western suburb. ( Figures 2 and 3, ofPlate III. he gives the plans of them.) These are two pavilions,that cover two iron vases, that the Chinese use in the sacrificesof gilt paper, which they make to their idols on festival days ;they are both octagons, and composed of eight columns, whichsupport a roof surmounted with a lamp, and other ornaments,which are represented in the drawing. Figure 3, is a littleraised, and surrounded with steps. The columns have basesof a profile little different from the attic. A frieze chargedwith inscriptions in large Chinese characters, surround thespace between the columns under the roof. The lantern has ieight sides, it is covered with a roof in sima inversa, and on ^the top is seen an ornament consisting of a small globe jsurrounded with leaves and flowers.”

Figure 2, “ is raised on a socle, and surrounded with an jentrelas of masonry. There are no bases to the columns, ;and under the first roof is seen an ornament composed ofinterwoven lozenges. The lamp has eight little columns,without bases or capitals, which support a coaic roof, orna-mented with eight dolphins, each of which rests on one ofthe columns. The top of the building consists of a pierced |ball, whose top ends in a flower. j

“ The proportions of these little temples may be deduced |from the scale that I have annexed to the drawings.”

“ Towers, or Taas. —The Chinese give the name of taato their towers, and the Europeans call them (as well astemples) ■pagodas: they are very common in China . Du