CHU

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CHU

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nan t0 a< ^ enrichment upon enrichment upon walls°' ) ject ai>e SCarce ’y a ' J ' e to support them. Let strength be the<]j 8tl i ®°ught to be attained, not show; mere ostentatiousleads ^ 18 c * u ' te out of character in a sacred edifice. Thisreal • jfV 0 tbe next rule : —let every material employed betnofg ’ends are not sufficient for the best materials, use theap^ a) Cotnmon ) but do not attempt to hide them, let themJi°t *' .' v *' a t they are in reality, in their true colours, anddesc r i !•* or P^ter them to resemble things of a superiorbe ar A lon > the building may not appear so rich, but it willv icti on % Stam P °1' reality and truth, which will carry a con-t° , ot rts superiority to minds perhaps unwilling to yield

. demands.

tlT1( loubt > ^ <rMC ^' 0re '—The bes * rnaterial for the walling isis dress j ■ st °ne, and of this, we suppose, that whichM-iU, Cp e<1 , an( l squared should be preferred; we do not speakatt ached iUnt ^ ' n rbi 3 case, for there decidedly are advantagesa ess in, to un( lressed, uncoursed masonry; the very uneven-and a | 1arts a richness and variety of colour to the material,I’Sl't an< l shade over the surface, which is not■s at) , e 111 an even or smooth wall; but besides this, there^'veen't!" su P er ’ or * t J i n the contrast which is affordedPip ap le naked wall and the more finished dressings of"'ill But even if this matter be left undecided, it

ap cliitecf a e p^ ut little difference in the present day, for fewbi a

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ltects h iC umereiice m me preseni uay, lur lew

t- e „ nave funds at their disposal to allow them a choice

d>e pr a 'gp lle tvvo - The stone best adapted for the purpose, inUnex Pen l ’ Ce tbe P resent time, is rag or rubble, which isCUr ed ; n SlVe ’ an d at the same time durable; it may be pro-•'* e natuj.^ 10 ^ ^ oca ' Pt ’ es without much trouble. Whatever bebe ,°t the stone, it is not necessary nor desirable thateast, as ‘ . rie d in large masses, the smaller the better, so far, ate *Pens e ls „ insistent with a due regard to the safety andar e apt to c °nstruction; when the stones are large, they6ta 'led ». Catob the eye, and lead it away from the more^° n es l)e ) ° t f' 0ns tb e building, whereas, if the separatel! re Snlar ° p small size, and more especially if they be off ° Ie niipo Ut ' ne ’ an d random-coursed, they will render thetl le rt p n ! Matures distinct and effective: For this same. '°al(l . ani^hed stones of the apertures, and such like,

5*

same size, either in length or height,

^oiiry, ^ a regular line at their junction, with the rubble. <ll n n„,\, °*> p f so, they will divert the attention from the

0,1 fflit n ,° ail( ^ decoration of the windows, &c., which the

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l>b. s 'Oc atch at the first glance; but besides this, if the

-.. me nrsi glance; out Desiues

,® S be of different lengths, they will form a morea Ppl y ban d with the main wall. The latter remarks willibpy buildings whatever be the materials of w 1

Whh Con 'Posed.°

Won j“ , re 8 a vd to the selection and laying of stones, the bestSir use them as they come to hand, studying neithertld s a P e nor situation too closely ; a wall, constructed'V iau ner. will l 00 k natural, and therefore far better,broken or

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5? n er for t j’ le ston es are

" 6tl ‘^oim Sake °f ..or .) ® 0ver close,stone which

placed in a peculiarappearance. In no cases attempt toThe dressings will of course beHi for "j"' >VU1U11 may be easy to work: Caen is a:i %(] kbl d of f r t le P ur pose, but if this is not to be obtained,

1 'ttj u - i !l rail a | ) ] e r ®® sto ne may be discovered in the neighbour-

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id,, '"ill

such service. The nature of the stone'Vi to 1^1 ^ c °qrse with the degree of carvedflint is' 1 !, 1 * a to be subjected.ev iilg a n ds 0 f a uundant and more readily procurable than''■at, ;. Ce d by a °ue> it may be used with advantage, as is'"ill p be Well an structure. Care should be taken1 be so Se . 0ll ded and cemented together, otherwise itre as rubble masonry; in some cases, which

2 s

we have before alluded to, the walls are formed of a sort offrame-work of freestone, the intermediate spaces being filledin with small squared flints. In new work the effect of flintis not so good as could be desired, but it improves by age;the contrast between it and the freestone being modified inprocess of time; old buildings of this material have a verypleasing effect.

If none of the above materials can be procured withoutmuch difficulty, brick is not to be discarded, although not tobe recommended unless under peculiar circumstances. If youare compelled to use it, do not attempt to disguise it bystucco, a brick church is better than an imitation stone one ;plaster may be used occasionally to preserve a wall, but, ifso, let its nature and its purport he at once evident. Churchesof red brick are to be found in Essex, but they are of a lateperiod, and are not to he imitated unless absolutely necessary.In general cases, rag or rubble is preferable, not only inappearance, but even in economy.

Timber, though by no means a desirable material, may inspecial cases be employed. A church of this description hasalready been noticed and described, it will therefore be un-necessary here to enter into a consideration of its construction.While upon this subject we cannot conclude without againsuggesting, whether churches built after the fashion of thatat Greenstead, above described, would not be more appro-priate structures for temporary churches, than those which atthe present day pass under that denomination.

In all the above eases, let the walls be of considerablethickness, as this tends not only to the security of the struc-ture, but also, as we have said before, to the preservation ofan equable temperature in the interior.

Of the covering. —The best covering for the roof is lead,of sufficient thickness—71b. lead is a good quality—but ithas its disadvantages; in the first place it is expensive, andtherefore not suitable for the present time; it also requiresgreat care in laying, and unless pure, and of good quality, isliable to corrode. Slates are not objectionable if they be ofa good colour, but the common blue slate does not harmonizewell with the masonry; very fair specimens are to be pro-cured from the north of England. Tiles and thatch are fre-quently found on old churches; the former may be employed,but the latter is objectionable, for reasons which will beobvious to every reader. Kag-stones may be used for the pur-pose, as may also shingles; the latter are eligible on accountof their lightness, and other qualities, but they are not secureagainst fire.

Of the internal wood-work. —The roof, benches, screens, andother wood-work should be of oak, if expense is no obstacle;however, fir, walnut, and other inferior timber, are more gene-rally employed now-a-days ; hut whatever is used, it should notbe stained or grained, to resemble wood of a superior quality ;it may be prepared in any manner which will tend to its pre-servation, and in this way its appearance may sometimes beimproved. Deal may be employed when the funds will notadmit of a better substitute. Varnish is now frequently used,but we think it better avoided; at least, allow it a sufficienttime to dry, before the church is to be used for service.

Of the flooring. —The best materials for paving the floorare encaustic tiles, ornamented in appropriate-coloured devices;plain tiles, however, will answer very well for the nave, theyshould be placed diamond-wise, the alternate ones being ofthe same colour witli a differently-coloured one between; redand black are the common colours. The enriched encaustictiles may be judiciously reserved for the chancel; plain tilesare well introduced even here, for they serve as a contrast,as also to throw out the patterns of the richer sort.

metal-work. —The metals are used for a variety of 1

Of-

nety of pur-

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