CON

191

CON

k ec ome sfrvT '■

Educed r er an( 3 straighter as they are more and more•here n •' P ^us the curved portion may be considered as aVertex tK - to ^ ie whole figure, in a section through tlieor n ot ’ ideas of the general property seeming to vanish,So 1‘ttle^r)- ’ ^ ut ^ we a ^°w a parallel section though everremote ls *- an t, it can very easily be compared with anyhi like r| )ai ^ llel sect ion, and their difference will be this, that,•n th e i ni0nS op '■he two curves, the similar figures inscribed•o thos e eC f 0n nearer to the apex will be incomparably smallPas s j n „ - 1 the section more remote, and in a parallel sectionWill he 1 lrou §h the vertex, the similar figures of comparisonThe s ° St ’- as being of infinitely small magnitude.

Plane, j 8 e . ctlon through the axis, which is the generatingtion s ^ ' n .the spheroid, the greatest of all the parallel sec-Paraboio'Ji ! n . t l' e hyperboloid, it is the least; and in theIf an i ' 't is equal to any other parallel section.a Pon. j t fPerbola be supposed to revolve with its asymptoteasi fi'ptote aXlS ’ *"' le curve W ’H generate a conoid, and theby a a cone > and if these two solids be imagined to bes ‘ tl >ilar ane ' n an y position, then the two sections willea °b solid and conc sntric figures, of the same species in

a, l'l f*?. solidity of a conoid. —To the area of the base,|'*th of the 168 ^' e area °1' the middle section, multiply one-

b.

1'un,

5 ’ 1 -■■’-'i 3 ' 3 ) VAOVjtlrJ'j VI AX1JUJ.J' y Jll this

‘ ; e d Conan nes Por keeping corn, ice-houses, &c., may be

f 1,1 Kanl . Vatori es.

•onn., fc “'denin.

1( lity, t SUIn hy the height, and the product will give the( . ect ion 0n j n the spheroid, one-sixth of four times the middle* at ’ s , two^tl mu biplied by the height, gives the solidity;p t-kher . ds °f the circumscribing cylinder.

Gipson, r p ICU ^ !ir ru les and properties will be found underC0]\ T 0 Pim UBOI ' O,n > and Hyperboloid.

ab 0ut , > in antiquity, a sort of canopy of net-work,

"ONggpi®” 8 ; to keep away gnats and flies.j t) a y be defi n A lOliY (from the Latin , conservo, to keep)s a sta te a • 8 en erally as a place for preserving anything

nSe ' gvanarie" 6 ^’ ^ fr ° m l0SS ’ deca y’ or in j UI 7; in * 1 "’"

Jng^fva

witwT tPe word conservatory is so frequently con-an ' tde Preci 1 Re en-Hoose, and the terms are applied withIwA’fteial np 10n to buildings used for preserving plants inA y a C o ns '»ate, that it is difficult to define what is pro-^LFMop^ y - u “, Th , e term,” says a writer in the<!!!;% mtfnlaV‘ wllich - as its meaning shows, washo Vine, ,, - ed for buildings in which plants were pre-th 6 Ses In whi T Int er> has come to be used, firstly, for glass-•n»,°l' en bordpp Plants are cultivated by growing them in' v ’liat SOeV( |^ an, l subsequently for all such glazed build-aouti )’ ^ conservatory, properly so called, is a

°Pet) j r,i Par” , eated by artificial means, having its wholeand ed 0r shut* 5 large glazed sashes, which may be

Pot s a Part of - a .Pl easur e. Its floor is generally of stone,be rjL occu pied by a stage on which plants in

RllnJl n />Anoo«.. n 4 '/v n TT r.

Ptei

«aa

aerv 6

alo e8 ‘ Ve duriniT'l? 11, ® u °h a conservatory was intended to^ <IUr i'sh A s *nfilar e T^ nter > oran ge-trees, myrtles, American

l ° b e * u ll) the'A 11 P lan ts, which during the summer willTh Prote cted ■» n a ’ r > but which require during the winterSost , node m '

! s said tl *e o ppos ° r Popular meaning of the word, is now'a tl^ ] t0 differ f. 6 t b e original one, and a conservatoryatt er t j le a green-house principally in this, that

1¥ ^

iTCuots placed upon

^ a . me plants and trees stand 1 P , .’ n p, e ds of the

m former are xegulajlyP ’ green-house,

at 'd taW P ° sts > on being removed f A™ intro duciug stages,

of i 0 A of tlle tuba or P ots ‘ B /for the other.

The however, one may serv - lal . to that of

' ^e n ?v astr uction of a conservatory » elevated, and^u Se; b ut it s b 0 uld be more spactous,

finished in a superior style. The sides, ends, and roofsshould be of glass, in order to admit light freely, and toprotect the plants. It should likewise be so situated as to bequite dry, receiving as much of the heat of the sun as possibleduring the day, and provided with flues to communicate heatwhen found necessary, and valves and other conveniencesfor the introduction of fresh air, when required, for the pur-pose of ventilation. In summer-time, the glass roofs aresometimes taken off, and the plants exposed to the open air,but on the approach of the autumnal frosts, they must berestored.

There is much diversity of opinion amongst practical menas to the comparative merits of wood and iron in the con-struction of conservatories. Mr. J. Thompson, a man ofgreat experience, in his “ Practical Treatise,” gives the pre-ference to wood, although acknowledging the advantages ofiron in lightness of appearance. “ Any persons,” he observes,“ having a knowledge of the expansion and contraction ofmetals, may form some idea of the expansion of a large ironroof on a hot day during the months of July and August,and of the contraction on a severe frosty night; so great haveI witnessed the action of the sun’s rays in expanding the ironrafters and lights upon a hot day, that it has required two orthree men to draw down the sliding-lights ; and in an equalproportion have I seen the contraction during the intensityof winter, so much so, that large apertures have appearedbetween the rafters and lights, which admitted the externalair to such an extent, that it required the strength of twofires, and the flues heated to the greatest excess, before thehouse could be raised three degrees of heat, and this in a houseof not very large dimensions.” This gentleman also objectsto the iron-roofed houses, that they require double the quan-tity of fuel that is necessary in houses otherwise constructed.Notwithstanding some admitted disadvantages, the greatconvenience of iron, the readiness with which it is manufac-tured, and the extreme lightness and elegance of its appear-ance, will always give it a great advantage. Some of themost magnificent conservatories in this country, have beenconstructed of iron, amongst which we may especially noticethat in the Botanic Garden, Regent’s Park.

This building was erected under the direction of Mr.Decimus Burton , and forms the half of the centre part of theproposed “ Winter Garden,” in which, when completed, thesubscribers to these beautiful gardens will be able to enjoythe luxury of the parterre at all seasons of the year.

It is constructed of iron, principally wrought, the pillarsand guttering only being cast. The water from the roof isconducted by the internal pillars, to large tanks under ground,from whence it is pumped up for the supply of the house.The building is heated by warm water conveyed throughpipes arranged beneath the surface, in brick channels, havinglarge outlets for the hot air, with air-ducts at intervals tocreate a current, and give increased action to the hot air inthe drains. The boiler-house is beneath the ground, at somedistance from the building.

The structure is ventilated by sliding-lights in the roof,acted on by a simple contrivance, which opens and shuts thewhole simultaneously, and is glazed with sheet-glass in longlengths.

The whole building contains above eleven thousand super-ficial feet. It was erected by Mr. Turner, of the Hammer-smith Ironworks, Dublin, at a cost of about £6,000.

The conservatories at Sion House, the Duke of Northum-berland’s, Alton Towers, the Earl of Shrewsbury's, and theDuke of Devonshire’s at Chatsworth, are on the most mag-nificent scale, and are especially worthy the study of theyoung architect who may be called on for designs for a build-

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