'
COE
203
COR
flutes t n t ^ e co ^ umns are within reach, the lower part of theCabl 6 g °. out one-third of their height, is sometimes filled witha ln case the interior order of the Pantheon, withW 0 lengthen the edges. Iri rich work of some modernlisted* 8 ’*] t ^ le ca * ) ' es are composed of reeds, husks, spirally-fi>e 8e , ^obands, flowers, and various other ornaments: but^''hhelri ’ tvhich are of French origin, would be much better*» gj v - > as their cost would be employed to greater advantage4 S Majesty or grandeur to the other parts of the fabric.c °n S j s t s 6 cornice, which has obtained the name of Corinthian ,Hie wj. i 0t , s< ? many members, it will be necessary to increase•o a 8 tQ e height of the entablature more than two diameters,to Ptesgr make the members distinct, and, at the same time,^chi tra ^ a just proportion between the cornice, frieze, andth;
Of
- making the height of the entablature two-ninths
v cry ® the column: but where the Ionic cornice, which is^atiu '° priate > is to be employed, or the dentils and theirb'e coli.w, emitted, two diameters, or a fifth of the height of' will he sufficient.
®ot rt enr * c bment of the capital. The apparent weight!K - e Pend so much upon the real bulk, as upon the
, It lg V
r 8 ( o h, S01ne considered ridiculous to give so many mem-jj'ght Co ] e cor nice, since, say they, it is evident that thesele Sam UlIlns are incapable of bearing an entablature of^ : ter s 1 Part of their height, as columns of fewer dia-1 ■ k ^ ®- Notwithstanding this, however, we cannot but'th the'gi.^ 6 r *cher and deeper cornice is more in keepingj ■'ght an j ara °ter of the order, on account of the increased%s B ncl • '
* "" '' V ' 111 upuil LUC I'CilL UU1U, US U pul 1 LUC
. this t? an< I P ro portions of the different dimensions, forp r0( j le case, we might successfully employ the argu-te ^Parara* 06 ^ hy those who object to the loftier entablature,'bug ^ le beauty of the entire order. We might rea-
Co Io n ; he Corinthian shaft is of the same proportions( ,, tl f r ary . ’ an< l therefore equally light in appearance, howCof lta I of S0Un< I taste, is it, therefore, to load it with a"hi wil, 80 much greater bulk, how much heavier thej s a PP ear ! Our objectors will readily see that thisC thi V talse, because it is evident to the senses, that theH § r eat °° umn > although surmounted by a capital ofte ^ganT than the Ionic , has a much lighter anda Ppearance ; and what is the cause of this ? It
emple of the Winds (without base).
onument of Lysicrates, at Athens .
jl„ oa > or Portico, at Athens .
p c b °t Constantine.
T Pj e °f Antoninus and Faustina.
empie of Vesta, at Tivoli .
To!?*! 6 J apiter Tonans .
Tem i Jupiter Stator.
T em P ! e °f Vesta, at Rome .
P* e at Jackly, near Mylasa, in Asia Minor , the supposed
Ten, . of Lahranda .
lh S i 0p bltia order vary to a very great extent;ft S ’ base^tn ta ^ en as an average :—shaft, 16 modulesf r ete fs f 0 _ , minutes, capital 70 minutes, which gives0tQ th e v m whole column ; the diminution of theSe to the neck, is 7 minutes. The entabla-
Height
Diameter
Upper
Height
of
of
Diameter
of
Column.
Base.
of Shaft.
Entablature.
Ft.
In.
Ft.
In.
Ft.
In.
Ft In.
23
8.6
2
5.9
5 7.75
13
6.85
1
7.4
11
7.67
1
2
0
11.65
2 8.218
28
0.534
2
11.3
23
2.7
2
4.25
2
0.25
5 6.3
27
4.1
2
11.2
2
9
7 1.2
46
5.2
4
10.4
4
3.5
10 11.6
34 10.4
3
8.2
3
2.3
8 2.9
46
7.7
4
10.3
4
2.8
10 9.1
23
6
2
5
2
1.8
4 3
Architrave.
46
6.2
4
8.3
3
11.4
10 0
48
4.9
4
10.2
4
2.5
12 10.3
34
7.2
3
2.5
2
8.1
27
2.8
2
10.35
2
3.6
5 6.6
57
11
nearly 6 ft.
5
1.6
3 10.6
ture is about a fifth part, or quarter the height of the column;if the latter, it would consist, in this case, of 5 modules, or2 \ diameters, of which the architrave would occupy 45mindtes, the frieze 45 minutes, and the cornice 60 minutes,having altogether a projection of 58 minutes.
is simply that the proportions are regulated in a differentmanner ; in the Ionic the breadth is in excess, in the Corin-thian the height. But there is another reason for the com-parative lightness of the Corinthian capital; it is much morehighly enriched than the Ionic , and this enrichment tends tomake it a vast deal lighter in appearance ; the differencebetween the unshapen block of stone and the finished capital,will be evident to any one who will picture the two in hismind’s eye. Now, all these arguments apply with equal truthin the comparison of the two entablatures; for our own parts,we think the larger the more elegant and the more imposing,and certainly its cornice gives-the more complete finish to thewhole order.
“ The symmetry of the capital,” says Vitruvius , “ is as fol-lows :—the height of the capital, including the abacus, isequal to the thickness of the column at its lower end. Thebreadth of the abacus is so regulated, that its diagonal, fromangle to angle, may be twice as great as the height of thecapital; for this gives a proper dimension to each face ; thefronts of the capital are bowed, or curved inwardly, fromthe extreme angles, a ninth part of its breadth. The bottomof the capital is as thick as the top of the column, withoutthe apothesis and astragal. The thickness of the abacus is theseventh part of the height of the capital. The remainder,when the thickness of the abacus is deducted, is divided intothree equal portions, of which one is given to the lowerleaves ; the second is for the height of the middle leaves; andto the caulicoles, or stalks, from which the leaves project tosupport the abacus, the same height is given. The flowerson the four sides are in size equal to the thickness of theabacus.” From a comparison of ancient examples, theheight of the capital varies in height from 60 minutes, or1 diameter, the measurement of those belonging to the templeof Tivoli, to 87 minutes, the height of the Lysicrates example;the capital in the temple of Jupiter Stator measures 66minutes. In the first case, the diagonal of the abacus is81 minutes, in the last 97, and in the monument of Lysicrates ,94 minutes.
Thus much for proportions ; how greatly they vary indifferent examples, will be readily seen in the subjoined tabletaken from Knight’s Cyclopedia :—