DAI

227

D E A

t)r. ~ --

?Vea^ Un S 8 Calendar of Husbandry, and Mr. Loudon’sG ent t ° n Country Residences.

otnaing 016118 dairies are often built expensively, and highly® ss ®ntial ’ kut t,le y se 'd° m unite all the convenienceskn° w i , to a good dairy, generally from a want of practicalSwit ^ e .°^ tke subject in those by whom they are designed.We a ^ er * an d and Holland, the cow-house and dairy oftenpr inc . -y neat appearance within a short distance from thel he f ar res >dence. In the common dairy-farms in Holland,f°of ei ' an d his family frequently live under the samehi ' ‘ ■' ~

Alio idllliiy Hc^UcUUjr live UllUel IIIC Odlllc

'OUse ig 11 le cows 5 in north Holland and Friesland , a cow-c kan as any dwelling-house, and the family oftenTh e foi r d . take their meals in it.

0ll e roof °" In o description of a cow-house and dairy under?ts 8 i nt g e °nibines all that is useful, with considerable neat-est lonJ 11 ) y an d externally. “It is a building about sixtyt ,r ee gj.? °y thirty wide, with a veranda running rounds Uall..; e . S °f it. The dwelling is not here attached, as it

, -»uy i3 - The dwelling is not here attached, as it

^ a hirin* 11 common dairies, and the building is not surrounded! l diff ers V ar d ; these are the only circumstances in whicha common peasant. The dairy-room8 ides 0W ^ eve ^ the soil, and is naved with hric

„, ue level of the soil, and is paved with brick.

* l h h ar .] are c °vered with Dutch tiles, and the arched roof

' ,, Cem cnt. The cow-house, like all in Holland, hasPassac •

i ^oad i

^dsi to Wa “ S d age 10 tke ml( idle, and the cows stand with theirJi?ks set ' 8 t ' 11S P assa g e ) which is paved with clinkers ortl) 1 runs' 1 ed ^ e ‘ Their tails are towards the wall, alonglev d of ti b r°ad gutter sunk six or eight inches below'°Pes tue place on which the cows stand. This gutter> 1 »uni ( ^ rd " a sink covered with aV° ^hich ^ - a ^ roa< ^ arched drain

-• ar ^ s a s'fh ccT7orod witt, an i ron grate, which- -- with a vaulted tank

lie* Ce a day i W W u 'd flows. The gutter is washed cleanuf a slon- ^° re tke cows are m ilked. The cows stand orCa rr- tter alio g ^lick-floor, and have but a small quantityto tkein ’ which is removed every day, and

Hi^rted j nt e dung-heap, or to the pig-sties, to be more fullyv^ept e j 0 dung. Wheneverthelitter isremoved, thebricksti]j ?IloH and n ’ an d ln summer they are washed with water.”in Ala y. t ’ t le cows never leave the house from November>st u r

~ la y. i

of Past Ui. e s n” Sllrnm er they are driven home to be milked, ifbo’^y are nnJ° tke cow-house, but if the pastures are fari$ j, 8 ' Thi 8 ' d° e d there, and the milk is brought home in% etl chn rn '! thought not so good for the butter, whichfr 0t ''’ 1, 'g th e g lom the whole quantity of the milk, withouttn a ^ die Cr 1 ' earu to rise. The finest butter is always madeW th is cr 88 fresh as possible, and the milk should, toini]^ °f butt 101 . rise > ke set as soon as milked. The beste kita six h 118 ckurne d from cream skimmed from theI'l^'Ug. ° Urs setting; an inferior kind, from a seconda e Ut eusii s 0 f

W . Ua dy m ad tlle dairy, such as pails, churns, vats, &c.dten 0 M er ythi n „ e white wood, and require to he kept, asthe . 8 of ij,® a

'O 1 ^ i s ;_ l ' ass and tin nrp snmpHmpa licorl • in Holland,

and neat.

la Wr*'s itiyT’ ar| d tin are sometimes used; ... _,

la th e p~ ria .T carried in brass vessels. There is some

Hi!! 1 ''

’ate j|. as6 brass utensils, but a very little attention° ut the r . st " lr on pans have been invented, tinnedA/fcckery 18 nothing so safe, or so neat, as well-glazedN s . r y for cl , are of the common oval form.

^?kli n ' I( ° n e f 0r °, ese > well constructed, should consist of fourSa ki aw a,1 d press) 6 rece P tlon of the milk ; another for theJty be ® ’ and th tke cheese ; a third for the purpose

ac eq , a loft oj,. °urth for stowing the cheese, which last

at.

16 b,; l .: iisi an

•'■one 6 ° V6 . r tke dairy, though it is sometimes^cly, atter dair' ' vklck rn akes it inconvenient.

n>m 1 V should consist of three apartments,a churning-room, and a room for the

different utensils, and for cleaning and airing them in. Thecliurning-room should be fitted up with the necessaryapparatus.

DAIS, or Deis, the raised platform or wooden flooringwhich was laid at the upper end of a large hall or banquetingroom, such as is still seen in college-halls, and in most of thehalls belonging to the city-companies in London , and thoseof the inns of court.

In royal halls, there were more than one dels. At adinner which Charles V. of France gave to the emperorCharles IV. in 1377, there were jive deis. The principaltable in entertainments of state is always placed on the dais.

Also a seat with a high back, and sometimes with a canopy,for those who sat at the upper table. Sometimes the canopyitself.

DAM, a boundary or confinement; as, to dam up, or, todam out.

Dam , a bank, or mole, constructed of stone, timber, or anyother materials, for penning up water, in order to divert itscourse into another direction, for turning a mill, or otherpurpose. See Embankment.

DAMPER, a valve inserted in a flue to regulate the draught.

DANCETTE, a name applied to a moulding very fre-quently employed in Norman architecture, and otherwisetermed the chevron or zigzag moulding.

DARK TENT, a portable camera obscura, formed likea desk, and fitted up with optic glasses, to take prospects ofbuildings and fortifications.

DATUM-LINE, the base line of a section from which allthe heights and depths are calculated.

DAY, or Bat, one of the lights or compartments in greatwindows of the pointed style of architecture, from mullionto mullion, clear of any intermediate one.

In the Saxon and early Norman styles, windows of moderatedimensions were without mullions ; but upon the introductionof the pointed arch, windows becoming long and narrow,two of these lancets placed together, in order to transmit a suf-ficient quantity of light, suggested the idea of a single mullionedwindow, which therefore contained two days or bays. Fromthis junction, windows with two or more mullions, and threeor more days or bays, succeeded, until the number of days orbays were multiplied to seven, or even nine. The windowsthus comparted, were decorated with an endless variety oftracery, consisting principally of trefoils, quatrefoils, Cathar-ine-wheels, &c.

From the time of king Henry VIII. , mullioned windowswere superseded again by plain windows. And thus therise and fall of the great eastern and western windows inour cathedrals.

DEAD SHOAR. See Siioaring.

DEAFENING, a term used in Scotland for sound board-ing ; sometimes also used in wooden partitions for the samepurpose, viz. for preventing the communication of sound.

Deafening, in plastering, a term used in Scotland , forPugging, which see.

DEAL (from the Dutch , deel) the wood of the fir-tree, ascut up for the use of building, which is of two kinds, yellowand white.

Deals are chiefly imported from Christiana, and other partsof Norway ; from Dantzig, and several parts of Prussia ;from Petersburg, Archangel, and various parts of Russia .They are sold by the piece or standard.

In London , stuff that is kept on hand, consists generally ofdeals of various lengths, most commonly three inches thick, andseldom exceeding nine inches wide. They are broken or cutdown into various thicknesses, called boards or leaves, so thata deal will always have one cut less than there are leaves.