DEC

231

DEC

b*8in '.' 3 example, the multiplier being placed as directed,it 8, the first figure of the multiplier, and multiply

arid th’ ^ le next figure to the right of it in the multiplicand,ther e f" e P rod uct is 56, which is more than 5 above 5 tens,lefy 6 carr y 6 : multiply 8 by the next figure, 8, towardsa ci | ’ '■fie product is 64, and 6 carried, makes 70, set downthu s f° r the first fi jure, and carry 7 to the next; proceedteed w )^' e w fi°' e fi ne > and 7270 will be the product. Pro-'"snne 1 t ^ le remaining figures of the multiplier, in the sameUruj„„ r ’ Writing down the left-hand figures of every rowTo a adl oth< *-

lv 'de a decimal or mixed number by a decimal orXiany fi " Um ber; divide as in whole numbers, and cut off astrial pi ° Ures from the right-hand of the quotient as the deci-If tl 68 *d* e dividend exceed those of the divisor.e *ce Ss e nu mber of figures in the quotient be less than thetile ,]j v ° fi ,e decimal figures in the dividend above those oft| |(; . 0, '> the defect must be supplied by prefixing ciphersj c ‘plie t . g e t hand. Should there be a remainder, annex| f '*■> an( l thus the quotient may be carried to any

| atl nex 6( j . exa ctness, observing, however, that every cipheri decip, , ’carrying out the work, must be accounted a; ^ 1 P lac « in the dividend.

j * am Ple I—Divide 43.95 by 5.

•5 ) 43.95

£ 8.79 the quotient required.

^pte n—Divide 4.368 by .0078.

•0078 ) 4.3680 ( 560390

468

468

H^ e d are Scale, a scale divided into tenths. Scales thusis e ' e ’ n the 1 *!. 11 - 3 * 1 used in designs. A £ inch scale is thaty ' v lieri th e \ In -°^ ' s divided into ten parts: a ^ inch scaletip * n 8 qj 2 ln ch is divided into ten equal parts. One^ different ma d e greater or less than another, by usingh. 1 'he h ea( . Sca les made to the proportion of each drawing ;atls of a J n . e 'hod of reducing or enlarging drawings, is by

«at,

er

U, pni r p . ° -o -o - 07 -j

ac cur 01 P ro P°rf'onal compasses, which give bothac y and expedition, with much less trouble, than

-•Ho 1 '"'J ttl

n Pfiirr»7 r , s<;a i e s.

Pan^METRE.

a a French linear measure equal to the tenth

Hi c r CL lNAT iav 9371 Engl . ish inches - .

by tti AJ -U.N, of the Doric mutules, is the acute angle

ill a'’ c h th e ne l.°P'he wall and soffit make with each other,aa C ] e I ' e cedin°” lt ' s i° wer at its projecting extremity, thane Xap 1T .i* ex 'remity, whence it commences. All the°h the Doric order have declining mutules.yhnati on • an instrument used in dialing, wherebyIjp'Oed ’ lnc lination, and reclination of planes are

V .

dials, are those which either cut thevertical circle, or the plane of the hori-

d e ll ?.°f hcp, d ' n ' n ° vertical dials is very frequent, because*** v et . eli,1 e fr 0lt , eS , W *' ere011 dials are commonly drawn, gene-, .^(^'‘are an ,' le cardinal points. Incliners and reclinerst,‘ 8 hig a ter m ° re particularly decliners.

da^'er fro m ,’! se d by Vitruvius , signifying propriety,6 0 hse rv „ m disposition of the parts of an edifice, ornce of custom. See Decorum.

DECORATED, the title given to the most perfect style ofGothic architecture, which prevailed during the reigns of thethree first Edwards, from the close of the thirteenth century.It is otherwise named the middle-pointed, or pure Gothic.

The various styles of Gothic architecture are so implicitlyconnected the one with the other, that it has been deemedadvisable, at the risk of extending the article to a greaterlength than is customary in works of this nature, to considerthem all under one head. See Gothic Architecture.

DECORATION, anything that adorns or enriches anypart of an edifice. A tasteful combination of ornamentaldetails employed in the enrichment of a building.

True decoration consists not in the mere addition of orna-ment, but rather in its appropriate and judicious application.Decoration, when artistically applied, possesses not only rich-ness, but also meaning, not only a body, but a soul; itdelights the eye, and, at the same time, engages and instructsthe mind. No artists, perhaps, so highly excelled in thejust and tasteful employment of decorative detail, as didthose of what are vulgarly termed the dark ages; in theglorious monuments of their skill, which have been preservedto us, we find specimens of the most delicate enrichment, allof which exhibit the reasonableness of its introduction ; andthe majority, a depth and tone of feeling rarely to be metwith in other works.

The application of the Classic orders, however, as a meansof decoration, is frequently resorted to, and not withoutsuccess; they may be applied both internally and externally,and are themselves likewise frequently charged with furtherdecorations.

Plain surfaces, when very extensive, are often decoratedwith paintings.

DECORATION EXTERNAL, the Building act, (7 and8 Victoria, cap. 84), requires, that in external decorations,every coping, cornice, facia, window - dressing, portico,balcony, balustrade, or other external decoration or projec-tion whatsoever, to any building now or hereafter to be built,or to any addition or enlargement of any such building, shallexternally be of brick, stone, burnt-clay, or artificial stone,stucco, lead, or iron ; except the cornice and dressings to shop-windows : and it is further provided with regard to buildingshereafter to be built or rebuilt, in reference to projectionstherefrom :—

As to copings, parapets, cornices to overhanging roofs,blocking-courses, cornices, piers, columns, pilasters, entabla-tures, facias, door and window-dressings, or other architec-tural decorations, forming part of an external wall, all suchmay project beyond the general line of fronts in any streetor alley, but they must be built of the same materials as areby this act directed to be used for building the external wallsto which such projections belong, or of such other properand sufficient materials, as the official referees may approveand permit.

And as to all balconies, verandas, porches, porticos, shop-fronts, open inclosures of open areas, and steps and water-pipes, and to all other projections from external walls notforming part thereof, every such projection (except part ofshop-fronts, and the frames and sashes of the windows anddoors, in reference to the necessary wood-work thereof) maystand beyond the general line of fronts in any street or alley,but they must be built of brick, stone, tile, artificial stone,slate, cement, or metal, or other proper and sufficient fire-proof materials ; and they must be so built as not to overhangthe ground belonging to any other owner, nor so as to obstructthe light and air, or be otherwise injurious to the owners oroccupiers of the buildings adjoining thereto on any sidethereof.