DDR

293

DOR

11 y th e r

"give , u 1 °f chance, not of design. Hence, all attemptstliey ^ , e: ® for striking mouldings are worse than useless, forCari ada , ni j ur ‘ 0U3 i the hand alone, directed by good taste,, ^ lem to their purpose, and give them the spirit andfile V Ch rei ‘der them effective and pleasing.”

^ s °ript‘ acus at the top of the capital is of the simplest8 Me tjjj ? n ' being merely a square slab of stone, of consider-°f the r l 6ss > harmonizing well with the massy appearancej'Pper ® ntlr o column. It projects considerably beyond the‘O^ef rt of the shaft, and sometimes even beyond the8|,t fuce p Ine t ei ', and always advances in front of the generalHi ^ the epistylium. Where the abacus overhangs be-°f the a < ? ot °f the column, it is considered as an indicationm Coring quit y °f the building ; examples of which occur‘be a- tn, Pjestnm t?-, -

16 dpo."" 1 ’ ^*®stum, Egesta, and elsewhere. This completesIt J r, Pti° n of the cplunin.

: l ®>r he well to mention in passing, that Doric ant®hottooj 11 co ^ um n3, in maintaining the same width from topthey ’ vv hich equals the average diameter of the column.^Pital pi? a ®' m ple moulding and groove at their base ; the^UlclinJ e ' v >se is very simple, and the abacus and other-* * are muc h narrower than in the capital of thea ^he j) .t® are never fluted.

? nta hlature consists as usual of three members,f Q,/ f r ieze, and cornice, the first or lowermost of8|Jr erw ise termed the epistylium, is simply a plaintKc IIl0Un ted by a broad fillet termed the tcenia, which

it^her gj S . e P ar ation between it and the frieze, and to which' lh . > With small cvlindricn.l mitt.® flenenrlintr from

th wi ‘h small cylindrical gutt® depending from

fri e2e Uet * in separate portions beneath each triglyph ofV acUs > nr" ■ ^? le epistylium recedes from the face of the^ a Hinn.^ ect * n o beyond the upper diameter of the shaft,Vi, ^ °niy s hort of the extremity of the lower diameter,J^Hvf n ‘ al l y t0 ov erhang the column. A line droppedit 8 face the architrave would cut the abacus,

it re Ut the upper portion of the shaft, but fall withintill’ ’ a elusi et ^ the base. The average height of this mem->l Umn Ve °f the tffinia, is equal to the upper diameter of

cli °ve y

Ho^terisp 6 ar °hitrave is the frieze, which forms the most% 8 S;iieature in the whole entablature, although ofti 0 ttv 0 ^ lraen sions than the epistylium. The height of'W 8 am. ers ' s nearly equal, with but slight varia-

t^l 1(i i',U 1 o t .^ f exa,n ples, the frieze being seldom, if ever, the* lec l u ently the shallower of the two. The peculiarfyu 1 e i l0 ° a °t this portion of the entablature gives it its

I

^flI eCess ed aCter ’ k e ’ n " divided into a series of projecting'vhi c ) 1 ? an els- The distinguishing feature is the tri-f*i' hie Se a slightly projecting tablet, somewhat widererti/^meter of the base of the column, and chan-

Vf “rti j'

*Wl highly with three grooves, or yXvtpEs, whence me® a s >j * These channels are so disposed, that thereOn e ? ln the centre of the projecting slab, with anf 0t her Pr „ Sl ,^ e °f tt, and beyond these again, on either

f C° f -NS%

thT , er l u al space, with a half-groove outside, on theslab, which indeed is nothing more than a cham-Th ® two channels, and the two halves on the®atl?2° 8 , etller make up the three grooves, or glyphs-d rn ac 1 tr 'glypli, and attached to a fillet, are a senes o* ^mediately under the t®nia of the architrave.

b ut.

! t|Nv •“'•nouttl, • ." — — — "-o -r — -J

j C^'Oh 8 P e akin ° 11 Is attached to that member, it belongs,J ha p . to the triglyph, of which it is a conti-1p P°se p 1101 ?’ however, in this place, serves a veryCf. 0 ; both gives a variety to the otherwise

1 to of the architrave, and, at the same time,

e e ye a sort of connection between this portion4 F

of the entablature and the frieze above it. The gutt® aresix in number, of a conical form, and are said to representdrops of rain that have trickled down the channels of thetrigylph, and settled beneath the t®nia; others again supposethem to represent the heads of nails, or screws, used in thewooden structure. The channels of the triglyph are of a tri-angular section, and are not continued the entire height ofthe block, although at the bottom they butt against the t®nia.Each triglyph is surmounted by a capital, or slightly-project-ing band, which, in the Greek examples is of very slightprojection, and is not returned at the sides, except in the caseof triglyphs at the angles of the building. The position ofthese ornaments is such, that there shall be one over the centreof each column, and one midway between every pair ofcolumns; but there is an exception to this disposition at theangles of buildings, where the triglyph is not placed over the ;centre of the column, but is brought up quite to the edge @router angle of the frieze, so that a line dropped perpendicularlyfrom the outer edge of the corner triglyph, would touch thebase of the column. This disposition gives occasion for analteration of the intercolumniation between the two endcolumns, these being brought closer together by the space ofhalf a triglyph; an advantage is obtained by this means, inas-much as an appearance of greater strength is given to theextremities of the colonnade.

The spaces between the triglyphs are called metopes, andare usually filled up with sculptures in bas-relief, from whichcircumstance the frieze was called by the Greeks zoophorus,because it contained representations of living figures, men oranimals. These metopes are usually of a square form, theirbreadth being equal to the height of the frieze, but there isa slight variation in different examples. In the Doric porticoat Athens, the breadth of the metope is 3',, 3" and 3',, 3" .6,while the height is 3',, 0" .7, including the band or capitalover it ; or without the band, 2',, 9" .05 ; in the temple ofMinerva at Athens, the height of the metope, without theband, is 3',, IT' . 15, and its breadth 4',, 3" . 35 : in the Pro-pyl®a, the breadth is 3',, 8". 25, and the height 3',, 9". 85,including the band and the bend over it; and in the Theseum,the breadth is 2',, 6" .475, and the height 2',, 5", without theband. Each metope is surmounted with a band, or capital,similar to that of the triglyph, though not of equal widthor projection.

The entablature belonging to the monument of Thrasyllus is an exception to the general rule, the frieze being withoutthe characteristic addition of triglyphs, their place beingfilled up with wreaths; the gutt®, however, are retained, butinstead of being disposed at intervals, they are continued un-interruptedly beneath the fillet.

The Doric cornice consists of few but bold parts, the most.characteristic of which are the mutules. These are a seriesof shallow plates attached to the soffit of the corona,sloping forward, so that the bottom of the mutule in frontis considerably lower than q,t the back, and having theirsoffits studded with cylindrical or conical gutt® ; these gutt®were eighteen in number, and placed in three rows of sixeach. A mutule was placed over each triglyph, and an inter-mediate one over each mutule ; their width being equal tothat of the triglyphs. Under the mutules was generally aplain band, but sometimes an ogee is found in this place. Thecorona is a boldly-projecting flat moulding, of somewhatgreater depth than the abacus of the capital, and is generallyfinished off above with a small ovolo and fillet supporting thecymatium, which consists of two similar mouldings, but ofmore imposing dimensions. In raking cornices the mutulesare omitted, but a new moulding, termed the epitithedas, isadded as a finish, which is either an ovolo or cymatium.

i