DOE

298

DOE

not appear, from Mr. Donaldson’s description, that any deco-rations existed in the pediments, or metopes. ‘ The arrange-ment of the engaged columns of the cella is very peculiar.A similar disposition has never hitherto been found, though,perhaps, in the temple of Apollo Didymceus, at Branchidae,near Miletus , the projecting pilasters conveyed the sameeffect, less distinctly expressed. The spaees between theIonic columns seem to afford admirable situations for statues,as they would be secured by the columns on each side, andby the soffits above, from the occasional inclemencies of eventhat mild atmosphere.’

“ The Propylaea, a Doric structure, forms the only entranceto the Acropolis of Athens. Pausanias says, ‘ There is onlyone entrance to the Acropolis , it being in every remaining partof its circuit a precipice, fortified with strong walls. Theentrance was fronted by a magnificent building, called thePropylsea, covered with roofs of white marble, which sur-passed, for beauty, all that he had before seen.’ This wastyegun during the ministration of Pericles , b.c. 437, and wasfinished in five years (Mnesicles being the architect ), at anexpense equivalent to £464,000. The front of the Propylasaconsisted of six columns, and at the back of the building wasa similar portico; between the two was the wall, in whichwere five gates. The centre reached from the platform tothe height of the entablature; it was 13 feet wide, and wasused on solemn occasions for the chariots. The road-waywas between two rows of Ionic columns ; a gate of 9 feetwide, and of less height than the centre, occupied eachside, and beyond them were two smaller doorways, whichwere used for ordinary passage. On the right of the Pro-pylsea was a building called the Temple of Victory-without-wings. On the left, was an edifice adorned with paintings,the work of Polygnotus ; the subjects chiefly from Homer;and it is supposed, that herein stood a group of the Graces,draped, the performance of the celebrated Socrates , who pur-sued his father’s profession of a sculptor, until he devoted theenergies of his wonderful mind to the study of philosophy.

“ Similar in plan to the building at Athens , is the Propylasaat Eleusis, and, in design, little inferior to its Athenian pro-totype. It was erected, together with the Temple of Ceres,to which it served as a vestibule, and ,the connected Templeof Diana-Propylasa, by Pericles , for the solemnization of theMysteries of Ceres,' the most sacred among the religious ritesof Greece .

“ The Propylaea bears a striking resemblance to that atAthens , having at each end a portico of six columns, fivegates, and two rows of Ionic columns within. To make thecentral opening large enough to admit chariots, the usual ar-rangement is departed from, by the addition of a triglyph inthe frieze over the space between the central columns. Thepavement, the steps, and every part of the superstructure,were of fine Pentelic marble; the roof, also, was coveredwith marble slabs, worked into the shape of tiles : the jointsof these tiles were covered with others, which follow the slopeof the roof, to prevent the admission of water. This inge-nious contrivance was the invention of Byzes, of Naxos ;and it was so highly appreciated by the Greeks, that theyhonoured the inventor with a statue. The termination ofthe joint-tiles was formed by an upright tile, on which waspainted the lotus. Byzes lived 580 years before the Chris-tian era.

“ After passing through the Propylaea at Eleusis , the vota-ries had to enter another building, forming a second vestibuleto the grand mystic temple. The order in this building wasthe Ionic. Beyond this vestibule was the Temple of Ceres,which was protected by the sacred inelosure, or wall. Infront was a portico of twelve columns, which have the pecu-

«•? ^ ‘t

liarity of not being fluted from top to bottom, fr&t

temP le °,

S

pot?'' i out tb elf

columns usually are, but their shafts plain throng' aI1 dwhole height, with the exception of a part at their ,1the bottom of each, about 7 inches high, which ^ jt ,sWithin the temple, according to a passage in other* ^imagined there were two ranges of columns, with othem. The architect of this building was Xenocle^

“ In front of the Eleusinian Propylaea was theDiana Propykea, presenting an arrangementdiffering from any examples we have hitherto notlC . m prop er *of columns at its angles, antas, which are often icalled pilasters, terminate its fronts : the distinctio^ ft®the Greek antae and Eoman pilasters is very a pp e9 ^former were never diminished (or so slightly as no cg0S i3- easo to the eye), and were not fluted, their capita ^ e te

r»f etrninrhf linoa • tphorana o Rnmfltl pll** •

d tbe>t

of straight lines; whereas the Eoman p !diminished like their columns, frequently fluted, amcapitals generally resembled those of the acco»Pcolumns. The temple of which we are speaking, u ppe fwith a front measuring only 20 feet 10 inches on i» to pstep; its length 39 feet 9 inches, and its heightof the cornice 20 feet 6 inches; the building was otmarble, but with roof-tiles of baked clay. ,

“ At Olympia, in the Peloponnesus , once existed 3 j0ii3ficent hexastyle temple of Jupiter, of which the 1 „ g( j,yelare presumed to have been 230 feet by 95 feet. Mr-measured a column, of which the diameter was 7 f ee *‘ . gC e 0Within this building was enshrined the master-PPhidias , his statue ot Jupiter, of gold and ivory»

high * . fine por A

“ At Ehamnus in Attica, on the sea-coast, is ® _

temple of Nemesis, which stands in a noble situate ly300 feet above the sea. Pausanias says that it gD) afl erAlcamenes, the pupil of Phidias . This temple, ana b y »

one adjoining it, dedicated to Themis, were mcm- tra ce 9 ’

. .

tiflt

; co* 1

wall of white marble, remains of which are y e . gThe temple of Nemesis had at each end porticos .^os, .and flanks containing 12 each; the externa^ top^.

; c eS

bottom. 0 ItV° f Ceres ’ were °‘ily Autea nrn' 1were painted red ? tllat the mouldings of the e ^temples. The ,]I, ■f >ra . otlce adopted by the Greeks

<• i> i. Mi di»*«.«f TI >

but which is which bears the name of , e si&

13 SUp P° sed to be the original temple affair

’ —f earing to^ ^ eC t

out wJncn is supposed to be ttie origins- . „

injured by the Persians ; and the Greeks, not carin»a structure desecrated by their enemies, chose ratheranot ler. The smaller building is in fact of an ea j^jjdiAn “ nF *, antis, a mode v>

ldi"$

being one of the class called in antis,

It is

very

well known to be of great antiquity,the small temple of Diana at Eleusis . . _ aS outh er 0 \\&

“ At Sunium, which is a promontory forming ^jding®

point of Attica, are the remains of two Do rl c0 lunm s y l° ,is a Propylaea, the porticos of which have w jedie* a n4between antas. The other building is a e g c0 linhhjsMinerva-Sunias. The portico consisted o jjui

be

-d,

lumci va-ouiuach jliic pui —

10 have been ascertained on the flanks; D 0 tso much in ruins, that the exact number^ Uglily » ( ft)* 3

cle“ ,,isl‘ e

made out. The structures are of nr

arble,

an d belong to the ~h —

striking remains of the ^ Grecian architecture. to rfSunium are j n tetn ple of Minerva on the pro s

"At Ut,i ° rS- ’ ' Probability, to be attributed to

^ uai om, are’therem 0 ^ eigbt mile3 t0 the nor f i ‘

as found half-buri ^ ° f a 8 in gt>lar Doric budding’ J, a

POrtlco was dLZTred 1 ^ ^ Band ’ "***

ere <l, having 14 columns on eacu ^no remains of wa

and 7 in each return; and as