D R I

307

D R O

may communicate with the dining-room, but in

fei'r ( , ( } ll , < | U ' ses ) it will be no detriment, and might even be pre-Ve »e many, if the library, or an ante-room should inter-ne 16 term is frequently written withdrawing-room.

5 rr^^V^lNG-SLATE, a soft stone of fine grain, used as°hafa ln S °r drawing material. It is sometimes called black

DOINGS, Working, See Working Drawings.

" ■N through or along the Axis, or through orline, 8q A Str aigiit Line, is when a plane meets a straightPlane ° t ^ at a 'i parts or points in the line are also in the

ttl le ^^GlNG. The operation of removing mud, silt, and^° c ks jfP° s itions from the bottom of harbours, canals, rivers,by means of a Dredging Machine.

, ' n masonry, to prepare stones for building.

IS r e;i(j a ^ED, the preparation that a stone requires before itj 0( betii^ r t0 usec i i n building, &c. Stones are dressed88 by the hammer only, thence termed hammer-*N a , s °metimes by the mallet and chisel, the face after-

H, ,* 1 * rubbed smooth. In Scotland the term is only

' bammer-dressing.

I, 1 tl, e KR, a kin,] 0 f bench or table, with drawers, set

le ^°n e( j Ucllen > u sed for culinary purposes : it is generally

a fixture of the building, or a part thereof.f 0r .^^NG-ROOM, a room adjoining a sleeping-room,s > u Sht to l ’ ess ing in, as its name implies. A dressing-roomf ee Piiif> l| ave two doors, one to communicate with the° f t li e ° v r °°®> and another to communicate with the passage,

tl I) ^SSSTNr 0r servant -

,‘ e all kinds of mouldings projecting beyond

0 f , °f walls or ceilings, are called by the generalr °th 6r res sing. In joinery, the architraves of apertures,

' r "' ’ ’ ’ ’ oulding used

0 f, ni appendages, as also the projecting mouldin^PlpT 18 ca bnd a dressing, and frequently facing.

)!>. . ■ the horizontal push or force, which an arch exerts

st tbe

t| Ce H(]; n Cavitation of the stones, which are kept from^ t'e a j st S by the inclination of the beds of the arch, ands ?e^ anc e of the pier. The terms shoot and thrust, areCl, ^lp °y fi d to express the same idea,bjicg- ’ *be edge of a roof; the eaves ; the corona of the

tih ^PPtxt'*'' armier > Corona.

^ do EAVES , when the slope of a roof is con-i^> th e ' VriWar ds, so as to project over the roof of a build-thus projecting over is called dripping eaves,£’’ c h ril lst >nction to those roofs that have blocking courses,3 ,^ ij 11 , .above the slope of the roof, and which havevhtohij. In d for carrying oflf the water. Dripping eaves^ ■bPlpg'md, in the city of London, by the Building act.

W],if e P s made in flat roofs, to walk upon. This. a... 1 mng i s niucli used in Italy , where the roof is not

but a little raised in the middle, otherwise thenve no rise.

NE, the projecting moulding or cornice over

have

5jSs.

off .°° r Ways, &C., is called a dripstone. Its use is todrj/ 1 try > le rain, and in some of the old buildings in this« St °he i * as been made of an ornamental character. Theit; ^tinie Var *°us forms, and when a head is not used£*1* eap 1011 or support, a simple moulding is adopted,k tef^. ®d label, weather-moulding, and water-table.

bo Ss dripstone, however, is more particularly applieddi (; | !> iri ^ the termination of the moulding from whichi'b S ’ .Rfter being conducted down the moulding ;

8 distinguished by the appellation of weather-

Pile. See Pile Driver.

DROPS, in architecture, small pendent cylinders, or thefrustums of cones attached to a vertical surface, the axis ofthe cylinders or cones having also a vertical position, andtheir upper ends attached to a horizontal surface.

Drops are used in the cornice of the Doric order underthe mutules, and in the architrave under the triglyphs.Each mutule has three rows from front to rear, with sixdrops in each row, disposed at equal distances, in linesparallel to the front. The drops upon the architrave arealso six under each triglyph, disposed also equidistantly.Drops in the form of frustums of cones, are only peculiar toRoman architecture, and to some of the temples of Paestum ;there are some Grecian-Dorics , however, wherein the dropsin their vertical section have the upper part nearly parallel, 'and terminate below with a concavity, the part above beinga tangent to the curve. In the Roman-Doric , the surface ofthe metopes is the same with that of the architrave, and thevertical surface of the triglyph projects at the same distanceas the drops, which are hung from the tenia. In the GrecianDoric , the faces of the triglyphs are generally disposed inthe same vertical surface with the face of the epistylium,and consequently, the regula and drops pending therefromproject. The Doric portico at Athens, the portico of Philipking of Macedon, and the temple of Apollo in the island ofDelos, are instances wherein the surface of the epistyle is )within the surface of the triglyph ; but it is to be observed,in the two latter examples, that there is a drop in each anglecommon to every return face. All examples of the Doric order, except the portico of the Agora, or Doric portico, at \Athens, have the sides of each extreme drop under the j :regula in the same vertical line as each edge of the triglyph | jabove, and the whole six drops are contained within the | iperpendiculars, by producing the edges of the triglyphs.

In all the drops of the Doric architraves to be met with,the horizontal sections are circles, increasing towards thebottom of the drops, or of a cylindrical form, except in the iinstance of the temple of Apollo at Cora, in Italy , where ithe soffits of the drops in the architraves are inclined. It is I isingular, that in this example, the drops pending from the Jcorona are continued equidistantly without interruption in !three rows, two behind the front row; and that those pend- jing from the corona are perfectly cylindrical, with level Isoffits, while those pending from the regula are conical, and jhave inclined soffits, which form an obtuse angle with the 'face of the epistyle. In the choragic monument of Thrasyllus, !the tenia of the epistylium has a continued row of drops, but jthis example cannot be accounted a Doric order, having no ■other peculiarity to the Doric composition. !

The drops pending from the soffits of the mutules, have jtheir soffits in a plane parallel to the soffits of the mutules,and consequently, inclining ; while those of the epistyle havetheir soffits in a horizontal plane.

The height of the drops in the cornice of the Doric porticoat Athens, is little more than one quarter of their diameter,while those of the epistyle have their height more than halftheir diameter.

In the peripteral temple at Paestum , the corona has nopending mutules, nor any drops. In the theatre of Marcellusat Rome , there are no mutules, the interstices between thedrops are formed by excavating upwards into the soffit ofthe corona, and are covered on the front with a moulding,which has its soffit in the same inclined plane with thesoffits of the drops, so that the drops show no geometricalelevation. In the enneastyle, or nine-column temple atPaestum , the cornice is destroyed, and the architraveseems to have been originally without either mutules Ior drops.