E D D
330
ED D
timbers were, in the most favourable points, jag-bolted tothe interior parallel pieces.
“ The two uppermost courses, after clearing the rock, andbefore the five moor-stone courses came on, were furnishedwith compass timbers, as well as some others below.
“ The two courses of wood above the moor-stone coursesterminated the entire solid of the basement; for a well-holewas begun to be left upon these courses for stairs in thecentre, of 6 feet 9 inches in the square ; and hereupon wasfixed the entry door, or rather, one course lower, makinga step up, just within the door ; in consequence of this, theentire solid terminated about 9 feet above the higher side ofthe base, and 19 feet above the lower side thereof.
“ In Mr. Winstanley’s house, the entry was from the rockinto an internal staircase, formed in the casing upon thesouth-east side ; he therefore needed only a few externalsteps. But Mr. Rudyerd’s entry door, being full eight feetabove the highest part of the rock, would consequently needa ladder. This he made of iron, of great strength ; andbeing open, whenever the seas broke upon this side of thehouse, they readily found their passage through, withoutmaking any violent agitation upon it.
“ The two compass courses terminating the entire solid,having been established, as already mentioned, he againproceeded with five moor-stone courses ; nearly the same asthe former ; allowing for the necessary difference resultingfrom there now being a central well-hole for the stairs, anda passage from the entry door, as described, to the well-hole:this passage was 2 feet 11 inches wide, and, as it appears,took up the whole height of the five courses. The weightof these five courses, according to the dimensions, amountedto 86 tons.
“ He then again proceeded with two compass courses,covering the door-head and passage, so as now to leave noother vacuity than the well-hole ; and upon these he laidfour moor-stone courses, the weight of which amounted tosixty-seven tons. He then proceeded with two compasscourses, and after that, with beds of timber, cross and cross,and compass courses interposing ; and, last of all, with onecompass course, upon which he laid a floor over all, of oakplank three inches thick, which made the floor of thestore-room.
“ The height of this floor above the bottom of the well,was near 18 feet ; above the foot of the mast, 33 feet; abovethe rock on the higher side, 27 feet ; and above the foot ofthe building on the lower side, 37 feet. In all this height,no cavity of any kind was intended for any purpose ofilepositing stores, &c. From the rock to the bottom of thewell, all was solid, as we have shown ; but as the buildingincreased in height, and consequently was more out of theheavy stroke of the sea, a less degree of strength and soliditywould be equivalent to the former, and therefore admit ofthe convenience of a staircase within the building, with apassage into it : which last, being made upon the east side,would be withdrawn from the heavy shock of the seas fromthe south-west quarter, and the rock being there highest,the ascent by the iron stair upon the outside, would be theleast ; the whole therefore, to the height of the store-roomfloor, as above-mentioned, having been made with all possiblesolidity, was denominated the solid.
“ The height of Mr. Rudyerd’s store-room floor was fixedas high as the floor of Mr. Winstanley’s state-room, whichwas over his store-room ; and as many were doubtless stillliving who had seen and examined Mr. Winstanley’s light-house, during the four years that it stood in a finishedstate ; and as in that time there would be an opportunity ofknowing, from experience, to what height the unbroken
may
water of the waves mounted in bad weather, we »" „
well suppose that Mr. Rudyerd regulated the heigsolid from that information. oU rse9 ■
“We have already seen, that the two compass c te rU>*'wood, which capped the first bed of moor-stone, a ^ i a rg enated the entire solid, were forcibly screwed down X „ 9 toH e >iron bars, or bolts, to the beds of timber below the m ^and these by the trenails and branches to the rock. an y d e '
suppose this precaution to have been taken to P r ? ve tor msrangement from the heavy strokes of the sea in 8 g f pa 1hard gales, which were liable to happen in the very of c °^of the season, before there was any proper oppor ,! U hv tnea n ?inectmg the upper part of the work with the lowei, J ^ ; 1>®the upright timbers that were to form the outside ^ c0 uld ^cause, till the work was brought to that height, * * er ff6 do ®°.no proper means of beginning to fix them ; and aS rge sfind any traces or mention of binding the upper c g up
the lower, after the staircase was set forward, we^ tb
pose that the outside casing had been then beg*^ ^ boi^jj,rock, and carried on progressively, so as to beco e n o l, %the upright kind ; for, all such timbers as were *’° >v0 uld
upright
having been screwed fast to the compass a
courses,^ a0 >‘
thereby secured to the lower courses ; otherwis^^ij. lifWI have myself experienced of the situation, gg tin 1expected, that whenever the two courses ot co r j jar dwere put upon the second bed of moor-stone, oD ly b®..
should have come on at south-west
would
biy
lifted up and carried away the timber b e< ^ s ’^ otw jths taI1
would have deranged the moor-stone courses,ing the upright cramps to the outside stones.
3
Part of the bui/dijr^ in tilis manner completed, the upP
another, wa.s chieflw eiie ' lditl S four rooms, one &.
having one kirb or cirri t,ie outsIt!e upright ti (0
which the upright »• , e op c °mpass timber at each ft j
upon vbich P th 8 e ffoT b f rS 1 Were screwed and connected,
were also ja “bolfed ™e rested. The
this manner, The worh ^ t,eilaiied to one another, * f et
“hove the store-room fl^' 8 Carried on t0 the hd ^t °i >'mg of three inches a ? d theve terminated by » P t l,e
main column as welt ,Ci ’ Wllt 'h composed the roo
■<* KnXZT* f " lie ‘°° r of ,
one simple of this building cons ’ d fum
broken by anv m- • an e legant frustum of a c ’ 0 othe violence oftf ° Ject,n S ornament, or anything w , gof its *%? a ?f!* 8U ! ra * could lay’hold; being, e^circular 61 f 22 8 inches upon isf d
14 feet 3 indies b, all °ve that circular
base was somewhat J ameter at tlj e top ; so that the 1cand the diameter greater than one-third of the tota 1of the base m ti top Was somewhat less than two-tb 1“ n,T . e Stalest circle met
was by nwanT°f ° f l 5 e u pright timbers upon each <» j(Jship-building sear f s , as they are technically ? a .
en d toend^y^verT^ 01 '^ ! ^ ***** ° ^
lengths, from in T T p P ,n S- The tim ben were ot dm
ings or scarfs r° Peef > 11,14 so suited, that no yjid
- scarfs of the uprights might fall together. >
■>-- °v„i- was the saute . „
nigs ui semis ui tiic » WAS p
number of uprights composing the ctrc e geven ty-o a ^
top to bottombreadth at the bottom would bethere was
towards the top, they
and their number being tlie j r thW1 foot nearly- ied .
; kn:
es9
he bottom would be 1 loot ue»* y - , j„ ,
9 inches ; and, as they dimims 1( ; . [iegge top, they also diminished w jdi 1
o»K
iveJ u '
towards the w
whole of the aJso dl «»nisii C ^ .
Jn the same mnm 6 seams were well caulked witu -*Jth pi tch ) as i n s h‘P s ; and the whole P^l-
nin S straight from^t* 601 ^ Vpon a near riew ’ tI>e
top to bottom, in some measure reseta