EDD

341

EDD

3V *

Ijf, ^ Proceedings till the 30th September, when Course'W f a com pleted, “and the masons proceeded to rectify^reof 6 ,°^ t * le work, where it was in any degree wantingPart 0 f t ? at there might be no need hereafter to disturb anyVint, v~ e coat of weed, which was likely to fix upon itI’eat winter.” This ended the operations for the

X aV 2t h Ma y, 1758, Mr. Smeaton examined theHi^ , n< J found it perfectly entire, except a small spawl,1101 s eea ^ een was hed from the rock itself; the whole did°f a atl( j , to have suffered a diminution of so much as a grainNeed; Slnce the time he left it on the 1st of October of thep°Ut e( j § year : on the contrary, the cement, and even theHe] 8to f a rt, appeared to be as perfectly hard as the Port-,:t *tife]y 6 ltse lf > the whole having become one solid mass,top c ° vere d with the same coat of sea-weed as the rock,5,1 d work excepted. This was washed so clean

Hep t i e ’ that the lines upon it appeared more distinct thanNes, were in the work-yard ; the cube-holes and lewis-'"'■-I'e „ ' Veve r, from their being constantly filled with water,

Thetrifling

Hdep r ■j Vn ov er with green weed, like the outside.es were indeed all gone, but this wasThe t Sa the 7 could soon be renewed.

°?the jo!V h course was set on the 5 th of July, the eleventhAu„ u h the twelfth on the 24th, the thirteenth on the 5th^ich 0 st> and on the 8th of that month the fourteenth,i ^ r °m |j'h' ete d ike fundamental solid.t i?> al 3o e to P °f this course begins that part of the build-k® ent rv , e<1 the solid, which includes the passage fromly p- or t0 the well-hole of the stairs, as describedhe 0 ^’ t ,9 Ures 2, 3, 4, from which a more adequate idea« ,. q cai ned than any words could convey,

.^meatrm ’ _J_

, ilr o

V^'atip™ 6 ^ 011 then proceeds to describe his method of

'hoi®

superstructure: As “ for the sake of the

'"es, necessarily lose our centre stone, the four

t-0 in flip {Vivtntii* nmirona woi»a nnifo^ it

.

}j' n 'etaii s ' *' 1Ctl * n the former courses were united to it by^’tvero, as now prepared, to be united to each other

C° e

'“SC'ii’P * • r Jr *

i ( ‘‘Joints, so as to compose, in effect, one stone-5 consequence, we had also lost our centre cubes, it*P e dient, that the work might have a uniformC* 6 circl y stren gth, that those four stones, making a com-i^evepj. 1 ? r .the staircase, should be provided with cubes,t^ally, , their being shifted by any shock applied hori-(]^! a frotn^f- ,^9 ure 4,) as well as with trenails to hinderf 0 .'»n tyonij , ln S' R y this means the principle of consoli-\ tt6e hth <! effectually preserved : but as the top of the

! P of

He

th

'> or

entry-door course, was twelve feet above theof thg °?’ ^at * s > twenty-feet four inches above theless • 3t course > the stroke of the sea must here\ ^ he p Vl °lent, and therefore a less degree of resistanceat^hch sufficient And as the large cubes would

^le ’ a t * le Wor k, which was here of considerably lessto j s t 0 p ea s ®c y eral cubes would be requisite for the well-'d CaseVp ' a< ^ determined, above the entry-door course,kd *p'’ r ‘io} t ., e , num her of cubes from eight to sixteen, andHo 8 °lid 61r s ’ ze from twelve to six inches ; but still to.Ah marble, and two of them to be introduced

St di8 Pop he four well-hole stones.

%y

9 th of August, I marked out the entry and■my having unloaded the Eddystone boat, which

Mth y pro Ce 'l 1 the first pieces of Course XV., we imme-\p SlJc h a t , e ? w !th it; and from this time were blessedHi ( ,i *hf> 2 Q.] Unin terrupted continuance of fine weather, that\ .Heupifp f August, Course XVIII. was completed,

%,>- P " 'of

% ^ Passatbuilding into a complete circle, by cover-

th at ° e to the staircase: the external face of thecourse, which makes the cover or head of the

4 s

entry-door, having the figures 1758, denoting the year inwhich this part of the work was accomplished, cut in deepcharacters upon it.

“ On the 24th of August, the fine weather, and in conse-quence the works, were interrupted, Course XX. being thenin hand ; and it was not till the 24th of September, that,with every possible exertion, Course XXIV. was finished,which completed the solid, and composed the floor of thestore-room.

“ The 25th and 26th of September, Course XXV., beingthe first course of the superstructure, was successfully com-pleted in its place ; but, as the mode of construction nowbecame entirely different from the former, it is necessary togive an account thereof, as also of the reasons for the change.The building was carried up solid, as high as there was anyreason to suppose it exposed to the heavy stroke of the sea ;that is, to thirty-five feet four inches above its base, andtwenty-seven feet above the top of the rock, or commonspring-tide high-water mark. At this height, as it wasreduced to sixteen feet eight inches in diameter, it becamenecessary to make the best use of this space, and make allthe room and convenience therein that was possible, con-sistent with the still necessary strength. The rooms beingmade of twelve feet four inches diameter, this would leavetwenty-six inches for the thickness of the walls. Thesebeing made with single blocks in the thickness, so thatsixteen pieces might compose the circle, would, from itsfigure, compose a stout wall; yet moor-stone, as has beenobserved, being a tender kind of stone, in respect to theunion of its component parts, any method of dovetailing theblocks together, at this thickness, appeared to me imprac-ticable to any good purpose. What seemed to be the mosteffectual method of bonding the work together, was that ofcramping with iron, which would confine each single pieceto its neighbouring piece in the same circle : and if to thisbe added, that every piece should, at each end of it, layhold of an inlaid piece, or joggle, in the same nature as thecubes, then not only all the pieces in the same course wouldbe united to each other by the cramps, but steadied frommoving upon the under course by the joggles, and of conse-quence would be fastened at thirty-two points ; for, in eachcourse there being sixteen joggle-stones, as each end ofeach principal piece, at its base, took hold of half a joggle,there would be thirty-two points of confinement in the circleabove; that is, the joggles being made to occupy the middleof the upper bed of each block, in that situation they wouldcross the joints of the course above. These joggles, as wellas the rest, were of sawn marble, and made eight incheslong, four inches broad, and three inches thick : each end ofeach block, therefore, would occupy four inches in length,four in breadth, and one inch and a half in the height ofeach joggle; and this I judged quite sufficient to keepevery course in its place, at the height that this kind of workwas begun, and so as to constitute a piece of solid masonry.There was, however, another matter, that it seemed quitematerial also to attend to; and that was, to render the habit-able rooms, contained within those shells of walls, perfectlydry and comfortable in all weathers ; and this seemed tomerit very particular attention ; for the seas that are said torise up against, and in a manner to bury the house, in timeof storms, would make effectual trial of every joint.

“ The level joints being pressed together by the incumbentweight of the building, would keep firm and sound thatcohesion of parts produced by the mortar; so that oncebeing made water-tight, there was no doubt that they wouldso remain: but with respect to the upright joints, the leastdegree of shrinking, either of the stone or of the mortar