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The mouldings consist for the most part of a greater num-ber and variety of members than those of the Early Englishstyle. Rounds and hollows still prevail, but the latter arenot so much undercut as before; in the earlier examplesthey are still deep, but grow more shallow towards thetermination of the style. Quarter, half, and three-quarterrounds are most prevalent, and are often filleted and separatedby small hollows; ogees, too, are of frequent occurrence, asare also ovolos and cavettos. Another undulating moulding,similar to that in use in the next period, but of somewhatdifferent projection, is also used, and is in appearance some-what like a double cyma, consisting of a convexity in thecentre between two hollows. The roll-moulding, in whichthe upper half overlaps the lower, is in constant use. Roundsand hollows are sometimes separated by fillets, but frequentlyrun into each other without any interruption.

For string-courses, the overlapping roll-moulding is verycommon, but sometimes a simple roll or a roll filleted, orwhat is termed keeled, is used in its place; the latter termbeing applied when the roll comes to a sharp edge in thecentre. These mouldings are used either separately, or withother subordinate ones ; a hollow is not unfrequently carriedunderneath. Hood-moulds are formed of quarter-rounds orogees with a hollow or plain chamfer beneath, and are seldomreturned. The base-moulds consist of one or more slopeswith or without a projecting edge, the whole being surmountedby a filleted or keeled round. In all the above cases theball-flower and other ornaments are often inserted in thehollows and carettos.

The leaves selected for imitation in the foliage of thisperiod, are those of the oak, vine, ivy, fern, white-thorn, &c.,which are copied with a boldness and freedom not commonin previous examples. They are also more naturally disposed,and have a less stiff and formal appearance than those of anyother style ; there are not so many sudden projections, andthe outline is of a more gently undulating form than in theEarly English specimens : in capitals, the stems are twinedabout in various directions, instead of rising vertically fromthe neck.

The most usual and characteristic of the ornaments is theball-flower, which consists of a round ball enclosed within aflower of three or four petals, the ball appearing beneath theslight opening of the petals ; it is supposed by some to repre-sent a rose-bud. It is used in almost every situation, butmore especially in the hollow mouldings of jambs, arches,cornices, &e., in which it is inserted at intervals. Anotherornament consists of an open square flower of four leaves,with a small ornament in the centre, which is employed inthe same manner as the preceding ; but a series of them issometimes used, the flowers being placed in contact with eachother, in which manner it is frequently applied as a diaper.They are sometimes introduced alternately with the ball-flower. A representation of a very beautiful ornament whichoccurs at Adderbury , is given by Mr. Bloxam in his manual.It bears some affinity in form to the dog-tooth moulding, andconsists of four ivy leaves placed in the angles of a square,with their upper sides to the wall, the stems projecting out-wards, and meeting in one point, which gives the ornamenta pyramidal form. Leaves, masks, heads, &c., are often usedin similar positions.

The crockets of finials are of various descriptions, but arereadily distinguished from the Early English by their naturaland flowing outline, and by the crumpled leaves, so differentfrom the crisp appearance of the latter.

The niches are of a very elaborate description, and areusually of a considerable depth, having the roof covered withminute ribs and bosses. They are almost always surmounted

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by pedimental or ogee canopies, which are sometimesforward in the form of an ogee, and are almost a ^decorated with crockets and finials. The arches are to g oII , eas are also frequently the spandrels above them. { [ )0niches have conical coverings like spires crocketed a ^angles, and surrounded with a series of canopies o g( jeach face of the spire. The sides, too, are often enrwith small ornamental buttresses. Some again havetops. , 0 of

The Perpendicular style dates its rise towards the cthe fourteenth century, at the latter portion ofof Edward III. , and prevailed until the disuse of jarchitecture. It is characterized by the exuberanceredundancy of its ornaments, and is wanting in the sicity of the Decorated style. In the earlier examptimesenrichment is not carried beyond bounds, but in later 9it becomes excessive, and the chief aim of the °rc^seems to have been to employ as much labour as possi ^decoration. This practice proved injurious, and at las ^and Gothic architecture may date its decline from tnmencement of the fifteenth century. th ® r9

This style is called by some Third-pointed, and by 0 n tFlorid. The term Perpendicular was given to it on a j )ea ds,of the peculiar arrangement of the tracery in widow- ^ 0 jwhich forms a very marked characteristic of the sty 16 ’j| cl i-some have objected to the name, as of only partial aPI retion, and suggest the term Horizontal, as being niuc ^appropriate and significant of the general tendency t j, estyle ; and in this they are certainly correct, asdepressed arch, low-pitched roof, square-headed wj ^ [rand doorways, square hood-moulds, and the horizontasoms. But on this subject we shall not here enter ; tis well established, and could not readily be laid asi >posing such a course to be desirable. j t ii in

Pointed arches of all descriptions are to be met y ^ t ||t;this style, nor do they differ materially from those vftpreceding period, but drop arches are perhaps more p

lent. An arch of a peculiar kind, however, bega* J)0 tused some time ere the close of the style, wine ^ n(r es,to be found in any other ; it is described from h )U1 ^ rc9 oftwo of which are on the springing line, and describevery small radii, and the other two at some distance ^it. Such arches have a very depressed appeal ’ 01 ’ 0(0 -rise above the springing line being inconsiderable w poW-pared with that of the two-centred arches ; the ri >ever, varies to some extent in different examples- ^ oU tarch is termed the Tudor arch, and was introduce ^ 0 fthe middle of the fifteenth century. Ogee arches^ #1 -econstant and universal occurrence, and foiled °icvery frequent in decorative work. nlai ner

Arches are very frequently moulded, but in * ^yjdinS 9examples are only recessed and chamfered. I he ^^gy areconsist of much the same members as before, Ire shall 0 '! ’of a less prominent character; the hollows are ro 01 con t 0 ur 19and the projecting mouldings less prominent: the c ^jflerea 1of an undulating appearance, the junctions of themembers being but indistinctly marked. A large or 0 ’*'cavetto is of frequent occurrence, and is sorneti .^j-v-als-mented by the insertion of a square flower at 1 )f ,neH e “The soffits of some arches are ornamented wit>

work.

The shafts of piers are sometimes simple octagon ^^ygiitas in the preceding styles, but are not of sue |>a v 'occurrence as before, and sometimes differ in ^jay

ing the sides of the octagon slightly concave; jtals ° n .distinguished from earlier examples by their cap^ g en er&bases. Clustered piers are very frequent, and t

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