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As in the above table much confidence may be tion were perceived, after which the ftopperplaced in M. Berthollet’s experiments, it may be was put in and the materials fuffered to remainadded that on repeating them feveral times no together for twenty-four hours. When openedmaterial variation was found in any, but in the under water all the gas was abforbed except .43gas from charcoal, the quality of which varied of a meafure, and lime water reduced it to .34 •much according to the heat at which it was pro- This refidue was ftill inflammable, but burnedduced; and alfo that all the gaffes were kept with a lambent blue flame like the carbonousfor fome days over water, which is found mate- oxyd. It was proved to be chiefly carbonous oxydrially to leflen the combuftible matter of thofe by the large quantity of carbonic acid which ithydrocarbonats that confume much oxygen, be- yielded when fired with oxygen, 2 parts of itfides a fmall addition of azotic air from the with 1 of oxygen giving no lefs than 1.7 of car-water itfelf. bonic acid.
The oxymuriatic acid furnifhes another very In the above experiment the mutual decom-ufeful method of decompofing and analyzing all pofition of the oxymuriatic acid and the car-the hydrocarbonats. Mr. Cruikfhank’s accurate buretted hydrogen produces no lefs than fourand beautiful experiments on this fubjedf are new compounds, namely, common muri-highly inftru&ive. h The purefl oxymuriatic atic acid, by the lofs of oxygen; water, by theacid gas is obtained by adding common muria- union of the oxygen with the hydrogen; car-tic acid to the oxymuriat of potafli, and it fhould bonous oxyd by the partial oxygenation of fomebe ufed foon after it is obtained, for it in fome of the carbon ; and carbonic acid, by the corn-degree lofes its properties by keeping. The pleat oxygenation of the remainder,oxygen of this gas is fo loofely combined with On increafing the quantity of oxymuriaticthe muriatic acid that it quits it when any com- acid to about four times the quantity of the car-buftible is added, even without the afliftance of buretted hydrogen, the whole of the carbon wasthe electric fpark or any other ignited body, and now found compleatly oxygenated, and everywhen added to hydrocarbonat both the hydro- thing was abforbed by water or lime-water. Thegen and the carbon are oxydated, and the pro- products were therefore only muriatic acid,dudts are water and carbonic acid, or carbonous carbonic acid, and water,oxyd as in common combuftion, together with Mr. Cruikfhank found a very confiderablethe muriatic acid gas now freed from its oxygen diminution in the quantity of carbonic acidand therefore copioufly abforbed by water. produced, and of courfe of the proportion of the
Pure hydrogen gas and the oxymuriatic gas carbonaceous ingredient in the hydrocarbonatswere firft tried: one meafure of the former with from camphor, ether, and alcohol, when they2 of the latter, mixed in a phial with a glafs had been long kept over water or agitated withftopper and inverted over water, were fuffered to it. A fimilar difference in the quantity of corn-remain 24 hours. The ftopper being then buftible matter was obferved by Dr. Higgins iniwithdrawn the whole gafeous contents were the hydrocarbonat from acetite of pot-afh, whichabforbed, and the water rufhed into the phial renders it highly probable that thefe hydrocar-filling it entirely except about T ’„ of a meafure bonats hold in folution fomewhat of an oilywhich was azotic gas and doubtlefs an acciden- ethereal vapour, or a portion of the true olefianttal impurity. From other experiments Mr. C. gas, which water will abforb. Mr. C. bringsfound that 2 meafures of hydrogen required for the analogy of this ethereal oily part to the va-perfect faturation no more than 2.3 meafures of pour of fulphuric ether. Dr. Prieftley difeo-oxymuriatic gas, and hence as it is eftablilhed vered that when ether is agitated with anythat to produce water two meafures of hydrogen gas it greatly expands it, and when fhaken withare required to 1 meafure of oxygen, it follows that a large portion of oxygen and ignited, a moftthe 2.3 meafures of oxymuriatic gas contain 1 violent explofion follows, and the products aremeafure of difpofable oxygen, or that portion water with carbonic acid gas. It appears towhich makes the difference between Ample be the olefiant part of the hydrocarbonats whichmuriatic acid gas and oxymuriatic gas. caufes the flight diminution that fome of them
The different hydrocarbonats were then tried, immediately experience when mixed with theInto a bottle filled with and inverted over water oxymuriatic gas, for with pure olefiant gas theone meafure of carburetted hydrogen from cam- diminution is great and immediate, as will bephor well wafhed, was mixed with 2 of oxymu- afterwards mentioned.
riatic gas. A flight cloud and trifling diminu- Thefe experiments were repeated by Mr.Cruik-
> Ph Jour. vol. v. ^to. p. soi,