PH O
SAT
( 219 )
RHODIUM. SeePLATiNA.
ROCHELLE SALT. See Tartrite ofPotash and Soda.
ROCK CRYSTAL. See Quartz.
ROCK SALT. See Muriat of Soda.ROSES, Attar of. See Oils vegetable, effen-tial.
ROSIN. See Turpentine .ROTTEN-STONE. See Tripoli .
RUBY. See Spinel.
RUBY OF ANTIMONY. See Anti-mony.
RUTHIL. See Titanium, ores of.
s
SACCHARUM SATURNI, or Sugar ofLead. See Lead , acetite of.
SACCHOLACTIC ACID. See Milk,p. ioo. and Mucilage, p. 112.
SAFFLOWER. Carthamus, or Baflard Saf-fron.
This plant, the flower of which is employedin dyeing and colouring, is cultivated in Spain and in many parts of the Levant,® from whichit is chiefly imported.
This dyeing material contains two colouringmatters, a yellow and red, the former of thefealone is foluble in water and is comparativelyof little value, the latter is foluble in alkaliesand precipitated thence by feveral acids andforms a beautiful rofe-red pigment. This ispartly ufed for filk dyeing, but the great con-fumption of it is in the rouge fo celebrated as acofmetic, and of which it forms the effentialingredient.
To prepare the carthamus for this purpofe itis necelTary firft to extract the yellow portion,which is done by tying the plant in a linen bag,and then wafhing it inceflantly with water,ufing much fqueezing and rincing till the waterpaffes off colourlefs. The refidue in the linenbag now confifts of the fibrous part of theplant and of the valued red fecula, whichlaft however is in very finall quantity. Thisis extratled by digefting the wafhed carthamusin a folution of carbonat of foda, (without ap-plying artificial heat which would impair thecolour,) and this gives an orange yellow alka-line folution, which on faturation with acidsturns red, and gradually depofits a beautifulred fecula which is the pigment in queftion.Lemon juice is the acid preferred. But as thecolour of this red fecula is extremely intenfeit will bear dilutions, which is done chiefly byrubbing it with finely powdered talc, in differ-ent proportions.
Alcohol will alfo diffolve the red part ofcarthamus; and after the yellow portion has
been extracted by water, a fine red tincture ismade by digefting the refidue in alcohol.
On account of the high price of carthamusit is feldom if ever employed except for givinga finifhing glofs to dyed filks, and for the pre-paration of rouge. Alkalies of every kind im-mediately alter the colour to an orange yellow,again reftorable by acids.
SAFFRON OF MARS. See Iron , p.613.
SAHLI I E. Sahlit , Wern. Malacolithe,
Hauy.
Its colour is between greyiih green and paleleek green. It occurs in mafs, and cryftallizedin fix-fided prifms. It is moderately fliiningwith a waxy luftre. Its longitudinal fra£tureis lamellar in three direffions. Its fragmentsare often rhomboidal. It is tranflucent on theedges; its hardnefs is about equal to that ofglafs. It is very fmooth to the touch, and iseafily frangible. Sp. gr. 3.23.
It is fufible before the blow-pipe with diffi-culty into a porous glafs. Its component parts,according to Vauquelin, are53. Silex20. Lime19. Magnefia
3. Alumine
4. Oxyds of iron and manganefe
99 -
This mineral was firft difcovered in the filvermines of Sahla in Sweden , it has fince beenfound at Buoen near Auen in Norway .
SAL AMMONIAC. Muriat of Ammonia.Salzaures ammoniak. Germ.
This neutral fait, confifling of muriatic acidand ammonia, in a ftate of mutual faturation,was not unknown to the ancients. In the timeof Pliny it was imported into Europe fromEgypt , and continued to be furnifhed by thefame country to the various States of modernEurope , till within the laft fifty or fixty years.
* Berthollet Elemens de la Teintur;. Beckmann Comment. Gotting. vol. 3 and 4. Dufour An. Chsm. Tom. 4I