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and his colleagues. The quantity of the oilyfubftanee in each inftance was 3 lbs. and themethod purfued was nearly that which has beendefcribed as followed in ,the large way.

Olive Oil . 3 lbs. (avoirdupois) of this oilproduced 5 lbs. of pure white foap in that ftateof drynefs as to be fit for fale. After keepingfor two months it loll an ounce more in weight,and was then quite dry, hard, and of an agree-able fmell.

Oil of Almonds. 3 lbs. of this oil gave anexcellent foap in every refpedt equal to theformer, but after two months weighing only4| lbs.

Suet. The animal fats.are much lefs ufed inFrance for foap-making than in this country,but the foap which they give is in every refpedlas good as that from olive oil. The precautionufed in oil foap-making-of employing the weakerley at firft, and gradually proceeding to theftronger, was not found neceffary in this cafe.3 lbs. of fuet gave 5 lbs„ of perfectly hard foapafter keeping for three months and a half in adry place.

Lard. 3 lbs. of lard gave 4 lbs. 14 oz. of dryhard foap after keeping for three months. Inthis and the former experiment the fpent leywhich feparated from the foap, contained aquantity of animal gelatine.

Rancid Butter. A quantity of ftale faitbutter was boiled with water to extract the fait,after which 3 lbs. of it were weighed out andtreated with foda in the ufual manner. Fromthe above quantity a white foap was obtainedwith eafe, which the day after it was madeweighed 11 lbs. and ftill retained fome of thebad fmell of the butter, and oh keeping for twomonths it ftill weighed 7 lbs.

Horfe Oil. A good deal of greafe is pre-pared near Paris from horfe flefh, by boiling.Of this, 3 lbs. gave 5 lbs. of good hard foapwithout any unpleafant fmell, after keeping foritvvo months.

Golefced Oil. Colefeed, hempfeed, linfeed,rape, and many other common vegetable oilshave a ftrong unpleafant fmell and tafte, fo asnot to be ufed in food, but they are employedlargely in the ftate of oil for feveral purpofes ofmanufacture. In general they are not muchufed for the hard foaps with foda, but a gooddeal of foft foap is made of them in Flandersand Holland, with pearl-afhes, as will be pre-fently mentioned. In the above experimentsthey gave the following refults.

3 lbs. of colefeed oil treated as above with foda.gave on coming out of the frame, only 5 lbs. of

foap, which was yellowiffi grey, and ftill fmelledftrongly of the oil. On keeping for threemonths it was reduced to 3 lbs. 12 oz. and wastolerably hard, but by no means equal in thisrefpect to olive oil, kept the fame length of time.

Rape Oil. 3 lbs. of this oil gave alfo ayellowilh grey foap, which after keeping forthree months gave 4 { lbs. of a good foap,fufficiently hard.

Beech-majl Oil. 3 lbs. of this oil gave a greyftrong fmelling foap, which after three months,weighed 4 lbs. 10 oz. and was ftill pafty, andftuck to the fingers. This oil therefore canonly be ufed in mixture with others that give aharder foap.

Hemp-feed Oil. This is one of the moltvalued oils for the foft foaps, but will not an-fwer for the hard. 3 lbs. gave after due boiling,a green foft faponaceous mafs, which becamepafty on any addition of water. After twomonths it weighed \\ lbs. and hardened a little,but not fufficiently to be ufed in commonwaffling.

Linfeed Oil. 3 lbs. of this gave 5 lbs. of foapon coming out of the frames, which was greafy,pafty, and adhefive, with a very ftrong fmell, andfoftened fpeedily on any addition of water. Intwo months it loft half a pound of its weight,but remained pafty and adhefive.

Whale Oil. This, and other kinds of fiffi oil,unites fufficiently well with foda, and forms adeep red-brown foap of tolerably hard con-fluence; but this foap has the inconveniencesof long retaining the offenfive fmell of the oil,and being too readily foftened by water, whichunfit it for domeftic purpofes, though it maybe ufed in bleacheries, &c. where the fmellmay be diffipated by long expofure to air. 3lbs. of this oil gave 4]- lbs. of foap, after keep-ing for two months. Ling and feal oil foaphave nearly the fame properties and incon-veniences.

All the above experiments were repeatedwith the cryftallized carbonat of foda infteadof the barilla of commerce, which was em-ployed in the firft fet of experiments, and therefpedtive refults fo nearly agreed with theformer that a particular enumeration of them isneedlefs. In thefe latter 3 lbs. of carbonat offoda, rendered cauftic by 1 lb. of lime, wereufed for 3 lbs. of the oil; but in manufadturingin the large way the experimenters conceivethat 80 parts of the alkali would be fufficientfor 100 of the oil.

The olive oil, Marfeilles, and other foapsare fometimes artificially marbled or ftreaked