LAB

LAB

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ever feveral nice and complicated inflruments,which have been devifed for many experimentsof refearch, fuch as, for example, the compofi-tion of water.

If the chemift has opportunity of buildinga laboratory, or of converting a conftderablepart of a frnall houfe to the purpofe, it will bemore convenient to have both a ground floorand an upper {lory; on the ground floor hemay build his brick furnaces, keep charcoal andother fuel, grind and lift different materials,evaporate large quantities, and do all thofethings which make much dull or fumes, andreferve the upper room for the nicer and cleanerexperiments. But if he can only devote a Angleroom to chemical ufes, it is on the whole pre-ferable to have it above the level of the ground,on account of its being much drier, for a dampair rufts every thing of iron and fteel, fpoils thefcale-beams, loofens the gummed labels to thebottles, renders many falts damp and deliquef-cent, and produces many other inconveniences.The only advantage of a ground floor is thegreater convenience of bringing water (whichis abundantly required) but this is not at allcounterbalanced by the trouble of dampnefs.

The Aril object to be conAdered is the modeof applying heat, or the feledtion of furnaces.If the chemift; has only a Angle room with acommon Aie-place, the latter fhould be madeas wide as poftible, and the grate removed togive room for one or two portable furnaces.Thefe may be a Black’s Furnace with fand-bath,earthen tube, muffle and other appurtenances,and a J.mall Blajl , which will fuflice for molloperations, befldes which it is extremely conve-nient to have one or two large black lead potswith a grate near the bottom, an afh-hole cutbelow it, and the top deeply indented in theform of battlements, over which a large eva-porating pan or other veffel may be fet, andheated by charcoal. It is a great faving ofroom to have an iron flue hanging a few feetfrom the ground, and running up in front ofthe chimney-piece, and penetrating into thechimney near the top of the room, under whicha Gnall chamber furnace or a charcoal pot maybe fet, without encumbering the Are-place.The chimney of the Black’s furnace fhould belengthened by an iron pipe of at leaft 6 or 8 feetlong, and Axed up in the chimney of the roomby iron cramps, which increafes its draughtprqdigioufly.

The room fhould l )e amply furnifhed withfhelves for bottles and glafs apparatus, and withas many or as large deal tables as can con-

veniently Hand in it, one of which fhould befubftantial and heavy, or elfe a kitchen dreflermay be put up, with drawers below. A fmallfet of drawers fuch as apothecaries ufe, will behighly convenient. If poflible, a ftone Ankfhould be placed at one corner of the room witha fupply of clear water, and conveniences forwafhing and draining bottles, See. A folidblock of wood is alfo ufeful, for fupportinga mortar when pounding hard fubftances, and inwhich an iron anvil may be ftuck when wanted.

Thefe being arranged, the chemift mufc fur-nifh himfelf with the moft ufeful apparatus,of which the following are the principal articles:the defeription of each individual article withthe kind to be preferred, will be found undertheir refpedlive heads:

A gazometer, with the connecting tubes,blow-pipe, &c.

A bladder, or Aik bag, with flop-cock Attingthe above.

A pneumatic water trough.

A copper flill with worm-tub, the flill Attinginto the top of the Black’s furnace.

A blow-pipe, with fpoon, &e.

Lamps—an Argand, and others of commonconflruftion for oil and alcohol.

An apparatus for drying precipitates by fleam.

Scales and weights.

Large anil fmall iron Hands for retorts, &c.

Mortars—one of hard fteel, one of bell-metal,and one or two of Wedgewood ware.

A Alver crucible and fpatula.

A platina crucible and fpatula.

A jointed iron tube for conveying gaffes.

The following articles in glafs :

Retorts of different Azes, plain and lloppered,and long-necked for gaffes.

Receivers to At the above, plain and lloppered,with or without an adopter.

Plain jars for gaffes, different Azes.

Lipped jars for mixtures, precipitates, &c.

A graduated eudiometer jar.

Bell receivers, two or three Azes.

Proof bottles.

Capfules or fmall evaporating cups.

Water glaffes (fuch as are ufed at table)which are very convenient for gentle evapo-porations.

Florence flafks.

Matraffes—two or three very fmall, and othersof common Aze, round and flat-bottomed.

Funnels—ribbed, and one plain with a verylong neck for charging retorts.

Wine-glaffes—common or lipped.