( 564 )

We have further added the correfponding fpecific gravities with many of the degrees of thehydrometer from iB° to 45® as given by R. Bingley, Efq. King’s Aflay-mafter of the Mint, (Phi-lofophical Magazine, vol. xii.) from adlual experiments with a Paris hydrometer. This includesa fpecific gravity from 1.150 to 1.435, which, with acids, is fufficient for moft of the purpofesof the aflayer or mineralogift.

Beaume’s Hydrometer for Salts. (Temperature 55° Fahr.)

aume

Nicholfon

Hajfenfratz

Bingley

Beaume

Nicholfon

Bingley

izz

Sp. Gr. 1.000

— I. 0000 =

3i=Sp.

Gr.

I..75

2

1.0x28

3 2

1.283

3

1.020

1.0192

33

1.295

4

1.0256

34

1.300

5

I.0320

35

I.312

6

1.040

1.0384

3 6

1-333

I - 3 I 3

7

1.0448

37

1.342

8

I.0502

38

i- 35 °

9

1.064

1.0576.

39

I -373

i -358

10

1.0640

40

i- 3 6 7

12

r.089

l '°Ti 5

, 4 i

!- 3 8 3

14

1 .©910

42

1.414

1.400

15

r.114

43

1.416

16

1.ro 45

45

1-455

i -435

18

1.140

1.11S2

1.150

48

1.500

20

1.1320

1.167

51

1-547

2r

1.170

■ 54

i -597

22

1.1462

57

1.659

24

1.200

1.1608

60

r.717

26

1.1760

1.2x6

63

i -779

27

1.230

66

1.848

28

1.1920

69

1.920

29

r.250

72

2.000

3 °

1.261

i.2100

1.267

The Hydrometer for Spirits is conftru&ed exactly on the fame principle, and the mode ofgraduation is alfo the fame, that is; by a folution of fait, and not by mixtures of alcohol andwater of different denfities. In this hydrometer the zero is placed not at the point to which theitem finks in diftilled water, but at the point to which it falls in a mixture of 10 parts of faitand 90 of water . The interval between this point and that of diftilled water is marked on thefcale as 10 degrees, and this fcale is continued upwards on the Item fimply by meafuring equalportions by the compares. The 10th degree of the fpirit hydrometer correfponds with the o.of the fait hydrometer, and it is certainly a defect that the ingenious inventor fhould have intro-duced this deviation from what is obvioufly the natural zero in each fcale, namely, the point ofimmerfion in diftilled water; fince it was as eafy to obtain a meafure for 10 degrees of the fcaleof the fpirit hydrometer by beginning the notation 1.0 degrees below zero as at this point.

The correfpondence between Beaume’s fpirit hydrometer and the real expreflion of fpecificgravity has alfo been calculated by Mr. Nicholfon, and on the following data: viz. Beaumefound that a fpirit of .842 fp. gr. at 32°. Fahr. gave 37 degrees of his hydrometer ; and that amixture of two parts, by weight, of this fpirit with 30 of water gave 12 degrees of the hydro*meter at the fame temperature.

This mixture is found by Gilpin’s valuable tables to be ~ .9915 fpecific gravity at this tempe-rature, and thefe terms, viz. .842 and .9915 become .832 and .9905 at 55 0 Fahr. or 10. Reaum.the ftandard temperature of the graduation of thefe inftruments. We have given in the articleAlcohol, p. 30. Vol. 1. of this work, Beaume’s table of the denfity of different mixturesof alcohol and water expreffed in the degrees of his hydrometer, with the correfponding fpecificgravities as given by Ilaffenfratz (An. Chim. tom. xxxiii. p. 11.) we fhall here repeat thelatter as a companion with thofe given by Mr. Nicholfon, and which will further {hew thedcgiee of inccvre&nefs of Beaume’s inftrument.