OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE,

171

the emperor was persuaded to subscribe the chap

condemnation of the unfortunate Gallus, and_i.,.

to add a new crime to the long list of unnaturalmurders which pollute the honour of the houseof Constantine .

When the two nephews of Constantine , Gal- Educationlus and Julian, were saved from the fury of the andjuiun.soldiers, the former was about twelve, and thelatter about six, years of age; and, as the eldestwas thought to be of a sickly constitution, theyobtained with the less difficulty a precariousand dependent life, from the affected pity ofConstantins, who was sensible that the execu-tion of these helpless orphans would have beenesteemed, by all mankind, an act of the mostdeliberate cruelty . 1 Different cities of Ioniaand Bithynia were assigned for the places oftheir exile and education; but, as soon as theirgrowing years excited the jealousy of the em-peror, he judged it more prudent to secure thoseunhappy youths in the strong castle of Macel-lum, near Caesarea. The treatment which theyexperienced during a six years confinement,w as partly such as they could hope from a care-ful guardian, and partly such as they mightdread from a suspicious tyrant. 1 " Their prison

1 Gregory Nazianzen (Orat. iii, p. 90) reproaches the apostate withhis ingratitude towards Mark, bishop of Arethusa, who had contri-buted to save his life; and we learn, though from a less respectableauthority (Tillemont, Hist, des Emprreurs, tom. iv, p. 916), that Julianwas concealed in the sanctuary of a church

”> The most authentic account of the education and adventures ofJulian is contained in the epistle or manifesto which he himself ad-dressed to the senate and people of Athens. Libanius (Orat. Parenta-lis), on the side of the Pagans, and Socrates (I. iii, c. 1), on thatthe Christians, have preserved several interesting circumstances