THE DECLINE AND FALL

386

CHAP.

XXI.

Divisions.

not involved in the guilt and heresy of theirecclesiastical governor, by publicly testifyingtheir dissent, or by totally separating them-selves from his communion. The first of thesemethods was invented at Antioch, and prac-tised with such success, that it was soon dif-fused over the Christian world. The doxology,or sacred hymn, which celebrates the glory ofthe trinity, is susceptible of very nice, but ma-terial, inflexions; and the substance of an or-thodox, or an heretical creed, may be expressedby the difference of a disjunctive, or a copula-tive particle. Alternate responses, and a moreregular psalmody , 11 were introduced into thepublic service by Flavianus and Diodorus , twodevout and active laymen, who were attachedto the nicene faith. Under their conduct, aswarm of monks issued from the adjacent de-sert, bands of well-disciplined singers werestationed in the cathedral of Antioch, the gloryto the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Ghost , 1was triumphantly chanted by a full chorus ofvoices; and the catholics insulted, by the purityof their doctrine, the arian prelate, who hadusurped the throne of the venerable Eustathius.The same zeal which inspired their songs,prompted the more scrupulous members of the

h Thomassin (Discipline de l'Eglise, tom. i, 1. ii, c. 72, 73, p. 966-984) has collected many curious facts concerning the origin and pro-gress of church-singing, both in the East and West.

1 Philostorgius , 1. iii, c. 13. Godcfroy has examined this subject withsingular accuracy (p. 147, &c). There were three heterodox forms:“ To the Father by the Son, and in the Holy Ghost.'* “ To the Father,and the Son, in the Holy Ghost and u To the Father in the Son andthe Holy Ghost."