THE DECLINE AND FALL

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chap, successor: the voice of God was confounded-, LXIX '.. ^at of the people; and the public consentwas declared in the acclamations of, “ Longlife“ and victory to our lord the pope! Long life“ and victory to our lord the emperor! Long“ life and victory to the Roman and Teutonic“ armies !” J The names of Caesar and Augus-tus, the laws of Constantine and Justinian , theexample of Charlemagne and Otho , establishedthe supreme dominion of the emperors; theirtitle and image was engraved on the papal coins;*and their jurisdiction was marked by the swordof justice, which they delivered to the prefect ofthe city. But every Roman prejudice wasawakened by the name, the language, and themanners, of a barbarian lord. The Caesars ofSaxony or Franconia were the chiefs of a feudalaristocracy; nor could they exercise the disci-pline of civil and military power, which alonesecures the obedience of a distant people, impa-tient of servitude, though perhaps incapable offreedom. Once, and once only, in his life, eachemperor, with an army of Teutonic vassals, de-scended from the Alps. I have described thepeaceful order of his entry and coronation; butthat order was commonly disturbed by the cla-mour and sedition of the Romans, who encoun-

* Exercitni Romano et Tetitonico! The latter was both seen andfelt; but the former was no more than magni nominis umbra.

' Mnratori has given the series of the papal coins (Antiqnitat. tom.ii, diss. xxvji, p. 548-554). He finds only two more early than theyear 800 : fifty are still extant from Leo III. to Leo IX , with addi-tion of the reigning emperor ; none remain of Gregory VII. or Ur*ban II ; but in those of Paschal II , he seems to have renounced thisbadge of dependence.