OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 209

and long' retained the colour of his opinions; and chap.his art, or merit, seduced the bishop of Constance, LXIX -and even the pope’s legate, who forgot, for hissake, the interest of their master and their order.

Their tardy zeal was quickened by the fierce ex-hortations of St. Bernard; b and the enemy ofthe church was driven, by persecution, to thedesperate measure of erecting his standard inRome itself, in the face of the successor of St. x

Peter.

Yet the courage of Arnold was not devoid of He exhort,discretion: he was protected, and had perhaps to restorebeen invited, by the nobles and people; and in }£* r,,p, ' b 'the service of freedom, his eloquence thundered jJ 5 “ 1144 *over the seven hills. Blending in the same dis-course the texts of Livy and St. Paul, uniting themotives of gospel, and of classic enthusiasm, headmonished the Romans, how strangely theirpatience and the vices of the clergy had dege-nerated from the primitive times of the churchand the city. He exhorted them to assert theinalienable rights of men and Christians; to re-store the laws and magistrates of the republic;to respect the name of the emperor; but to con-fine their shepherd to the spiritual governmentof his flock. c Nor could his spiritual govern-

* Bernard, epistol. cxcv, cxcvi, tom. i, p. 187*190. Amidst his in-vectives he drops a precious acknowledgment, qui, utinam quamsans fsset doctrine quam districts est vitae. He owns that Arnoldwould be a valuable acquisition for the church.c He advised the Romans,

Cofisiliis at misque sua moderamina summaArbitrio tractare suo: nil juris in hac rePontifici summo, modicum concedere regiSuadebat populo. Sic laesfc stultus utriqueMajestatc, reum gemin® se fecerat aulae.

Nor is the poetry of Gunther different from the prose of Otho