OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 293

struction, the ambition of the Homans was often chap.checked and repulsed by the neighbouring cities LX 1 X ~and their allies: in the first siege of Tibur, theywere driven from their camp; and the battles of Battle ofTusculum 11 and Viterbo 1 might be compared, in L'd'hot!their relative state, to the memorable fields ofThrasymene and Cannae . In the first of thesepetty wars, thirty thousand Romans were over-thrown by a thousand German horse, whom Fre-deric Barbarossa had detached to the relief ofTusculum; and if we number the slain at three,the prisoners at two thousand, we shall em-brace the most authentic and moderate account.

Sixty-eight years afterward they marchedagainst Viterbo in the ecclesiastical state withthe whole force of the city: by a rare coalitionthe Teutonic eagle was blended, in the adversebanners, with the keys of St. Peter; and thepope’s auxiliaries were commanded by a countof Thoulouse and a bishop of Winchester. TheRomans were discomfited with shame andslaughter; but the English prelate must haveindulged the vanity of a pilgrim, if he multipliedtheir numbers to one hundred, and their loss inthe field to thirty thousand men. Had the po-licy of the senate, and the discipline of the le-gions, been restored with thecapitol, the divided

* I depart from my usual method, of quoting only by the date theannals of Muratori, in consideration of the critical balance in which hehas weighed nine contemporary writers, who mention the battle ofTusculum (tom. x, p. 42-44).

1 Matthew Paris , p. 34ft. This bishop of Winchester was Peter daRupius, who occupied the see thirty-two years (a. d. 1206-1238), andis described, by an English historian, as a soldier and a statesman(p. 178 399).