OF PROJECTILES. 20y

by the fraction ; the same ball at the distance of 680yards will hardly make a contusion, which is expressedby the fraction y-g-, T .

2. Balls of 1 oz. at 170 yards, those of 3$ oz. at 34Oyards, those of 6| oz. at 510 yards, and those of 130Z.at 680 yards, produce the fame effect; viz. of destroy-ing 4 men; which evinces the propriety of using cy-linders filled with large balls for great distances, andWith the smaller balls for short distances.

3. On comparing the numbers in the two tables(197, 205), we find that an 8Ib. shot, with an initialvelocity of 1450 feet, will pass through a file of 40 menwhen sired very close to them; 28 at the distance of340 yards, and 18 at the distance of 680 yards : whilea 6f oz. ball will only destroy 16 men when very near, 6at the distance of 340 yards, and 1 man at 680 yards ; sothat with case-shot of this nature, if 5 balls strike 5 sepa-rate files, the effects when very near will be 16x5=80men destroyed, 6 x 5=30 men at 340 yards, and 5 onlyat 680 yards. Hence it results, that the effects of cafeshot fired under similar circumstances, are greater thanof round shot of equal diameter, when the distance doesnot exceed 340 yards; but at 680 yards round shot havea decided advantage

227. These remarks (205, 206) are applicable to everycafe that can occur, allowance being made for the differenceof the initial velocities; wherefore the effect of the initialvelocity on cafe shot impelled with a given charge of powdershould be ascertained. It has been found experimentally,that when the balls are regularly arranged in the tin cylinderin the manner that will be hereafter pointed out, and areequal in weight and diameter to the corresponding round shot,the greater part of them are impelled with the same initialvelocity as the round shot, but the remainder with less ;provided the charges be equal. This result is constant;hence the effects of cafe shot fired from different distanceswith different charges, of powder may be determined withsufficient accuracy for practice (205).

208. In firing case shot, the balls are observed at first totake a diverging direction, and for a certain distance to form akind of a cone; the base of which is towards the object firedat, and the vertex towards the gun.

It is impossible from theory alone to determine the di-O rection