214 VE Projectiles, 1

of case shot containing balls of equal diameter firedfrom an 8 pr. and the distances be equal; the effectsof the 16 pr. will in certain cafes b6 greater than theeffects of the 8 pr.; for the fame reason, the short 8 pr.(66) is sometimes to be preferred to the common 4 pr.as in the instance of the enemy being formed onsloping ground in figure of an amphitheatre, (as hap-pens in mountainous countries) and very near the bat-tery ; the 8 pr. cafe containing double the number ofballs that the 4 pr. cafe does, will do more execution.

5. By increasing the number of balls in the cafe, theInitial velocity, and of course the effect of each issensibly diminished. When fired against troops disposedin very deep order (200) on an amphitheatre of hills,and very near the battery, the greater the number ofballs is, the greater the slaughter will be; and as inthis instance, two cafes may be put into the gun at thefame time, it will be sufficient if the weight of each beequal to that of the round shot.

6. When the enemy is drawn up in very deep order,the medium charge of powder should be preferred tothe less, both with round and cafe (hot; the distance atwhich each nature of shot should be used will be best de-termined by recurring to the preceding theory (206, No.3), and the results of former experiments (211 No. 6).

7. If it be necessary in the course of a campaignto place some 32 prs. in a fixed post, five kinds of cafeshot should be prepared for them : the first with 16balls of 26oz. to range 850 yards: the second with32 balls of 13 oz. the third with 64 balls of 6yoz. thefourth with 128 balls of 3± oz. the fifth with 384 ballsof 1 oz. the four last may be fired under the restrictionsalready laid down. The two former may be of excel-lent service in the defence of places at the opening ofthe trenches: but as the balls spread very much, theyshould be used with caution, lest they hurt the detach-ments of the garrison posted in the advanced works.

213. Balls of hammered iron are the best for case-shot;but, if from motives of oeconomy they be made of cast iron,the metal should be of a hard and tenacious quality, or theywill break to pieces at the explosion : the number that breakincrease in proportion to the augmentation of the charge.Each shot therefore before it is put into the cafe, should be

placed