220

OF PROJECTILES.

a stone, or the fuze be extinguished by failing into softground, its effects will by no means equal the effects of theshot.

221. The remarks on the penetrations of (hells comparedto (hot will precisely apply to the length of their respectiverichochets. That the first graze of the shell and shot maybe at the same distance, the howitzer must be more elevatedthan the gun ; the (hell consequently will not so easily reachits destination, the angle of incidence being lei's acute itsforce will be more deadened by the fall, and its richochetsshorter and fewer.

222. To ascertain the effects of a howitzer loaded withcafe (hot equal in weight to the shell, it suffices to remarkthat the initial velocity of each bail is equal to the initial ve-locity of the (hell (207): which being found by experiment,and a round of cafe shot fired at the (ame angle of eleva-tion, the penetrations of the balls may be easily determined(205). Suppose the balls be projected from different di-stances, then on comparing the relative penetrations withthose in the preceding table (205J, or with others producedby velocities less than 1450 feet, it will give the ratio be-tween the effects of cafe (hot fired from a Howitzer and agun. The initial velocity of a (hell fired horizontally ornearly so, is about 474 feet; the following will be the pene-trations of the cafe shot.

Weight of balls.

Very near the butt. At the distance of170 yards.

802 — 138

640 — 59

444 — 6

On comparing this with the former table (205), the pene-trations of balls projected from a howitzer placed close to thebutt, are to those of balls of equal diameter impelied from ofa gun with an initial velocity of 1450 feet; as 803 :.y580 ; or as10:94 nearly: and at the distance of 170 yards, as 138:4624 ; or as 1: 33 nearly.

223. But as the howitzer contains three times as manyballs of the fame diameter as the 8 pr. and 6 times as manyas the 4 pr. this difference should be likewise estimated. Tothis end, the relative situation of the troops against whichthey are fired must be considered.

Suppose a howitzer and an 8 pr. to be on the same plane

with