IN TIME OF WAR. L/Z

to but lower than the works, whence they can be batteredwith effect, as in the ease of the place being built on arteminence and much exposed; then the batteries in breachshould be erected on these points and collateral batteries esta-blished to destroy the defences.

Each battery should be erected opposite to that part of thefortification which it ,is intended to batter; and the breachwill sooner be rendered practicable, if some guns can bebrought to bear upon it obliquely. The service of the mor-tars will be most exact, when their batteries are perpendicularto the faces produced of the works that are to be bom-barded; those for the stone-mortars should be established iathe most advanced lodgements, taking care that the stonesfrom their spreading can do no injury to the besiegers.

65. The third batteries are constructed on the outworksof the place: when there are two lines of cut-works, thebesieger after reducing the first, must erect a fourth set of bat-teries in the outworks most contiguous to the body of theplace; he will also be under the necessity of doing this,whenever the body of the place is constructed on a system ofdemolition , or with double bastions: he must determine onthe spot from actual observation, whether there be any readieror surer method of reducing them than by opening breaches.

66. In the second plate these directions (63, 64) areexemplified : the battery in breach A is opposite to the partM M of the face of the ravelin in which a breach is to bemade, and some guns might if necessary be placed at I tobear on it obliquely; the collateral battery B is directly op-posite to the part Q_that flanks the face M tVl. The battery inbreach C is opposite to the part N N of the face of the bastionin which a breach is to be made, and if the ground at Cdoes not admit of a sufficient number of guns, two or threemay be planted on the face O of the place of arms, or onthe lodgement made by the sappers within it; these two bat-teries will be supported by the collateral battery D opposed tothe flank R.

The face MM of the ravelin and the flank R are enfiladedfrom the mortar battery G; and some stone-mortars areplaced at F and E, to project stones into the flank R andthe ravelin P, and interrupt the communication between tharavelin and the body of the place. The mortar battery Kenfilades the ravelin and its communication, and contributesto annoy the flank R, and the part Q^that covers the breach

S MM;