1630.Jan. 21.

1632.| July 20.

4 STEAM NAVIGATION.

water as swift in calmes, and more safe in storms, then boats Fullsayled in great windes.”

And on the 21st January, 1630, David Ramsey obtained a patentfor himself alone, for“ Divers newe wayes and InvenCons by himfound out and perfected, to multiply and make Saltpeter in an openfield in foure acres of Ground sufficient to serve all his Mat“ Do-minions: To raise water from lowe pitts by fire(the steam en-gine). To make any sort of Milles to goe on standing Waters bycontinual moon without the helpe of Windes, Weight, or Horse.To make all sortes of Tapestry without any weaving loome or wayever yet in use in this kingdom. 70 make Boats, Ships and Bargesto goe against the Wind and Tyde, To make the earth fertile morethan usual, To raise water by a newe way, To make hard from softe,and copper to be tuffe and softe, and to make yellow Wax white veryspeedily.”

Thomas Grent, Deor of Physick, obtained a patent“ for severalInstruments, whereof the first is an instrument very profittable whencomon Wynds fayle for a more speedy passage of calmed shipps orother vessells upon the Sea or great Rivers which may be called theWynds Mäty(mastery); the Seacond the Fish Call or a lookingglasse for fishes in the Sea, very usefull for the Fishermen to call allkinde of Fishes to their Netts, Speares or Hooks, as severall calls areneedfull for Fowlers to call severall kinds of Fowles or Birds to theirNetts or Snares. The Third a Water Bowe, being a Manual Instru-ment made very serviceable for divers uses, especially for the morespeedy preservation of houses upon the land and Shipps upon the seafrom sudden Fire. The Fourth a Building Mould or stone press,very requisite for the building of Churches or great Houses, by whichStone Windows, Doorcases, Chimney Pieces,&c. are made moreSpeedilie without hewing, cutting, sawing, or ingraving, as alsoBrickes and Tyles more beautiful to the eye, and more durableagainst foule wether, being as smoothe as Glasse on the one side orend, with divers colours and workes, as if they were carved by