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STEAM NAVIGATION. 7

the boat, and dipping into the water, so as to be turned by thewheels, would fulfil the conditions proposed of advancing the boatfaster, the more rapid the stream; and when at anchor such wheelsmight have been applied to the other purposes.

A patent was granted to Thomas Toogood, Gent., and JamesHayes, Esgq.,“ for the sole use of an invention by them contrived andperfected, of forcing water by bellowes, not done with wind; as,also, the drawing it up with leathern bags linked together in mannerof bucketts, where the bellowes cannot be placed, together with a par-ticular way of forcing water through the bottom or side of the Shipps,below the surface or top of the water, being for the public benefit ofShipping, drayning of mynes, bringing water to houses, emptying ofRivers or Ponds, drayning and watering of Grounds, and whichmay be of singular use and ease in Navigation.’

In 1674 another patent was granted to Thomas Toogood, Gent.,and James Hayes, Esq.,“for the sole use, exercise, and benefitt ofseveral new InvenCons by them found out for the making of‘ Shippsto saile without the assistance of Wynde or Tyde.„And, also, acertain instrument for taking the way or course of any shipp withdemonstrable exactness.”

And on the 17th Feb. 1675, Peter Chamberlaine, Doctor of Physick,obtained a patent“ for making several sorts of Vessells, fabricksSmall and greate, to navigate in a straite line with all winds thoughContrary.”

Edward Bushnell, a shipwright, described“ a mode of rowingShips by heaving at a capstan, useful in any ships becalmed.” HeCOnnected the oars on each side the ship together, and gave themthe alternate backward and forward movement by attaching the con-Necting pieces to ropes, which were wound and unwound by theCapstan.*

In the year 1681 a book was published by the Royal Society ofEEG

x Compleat Shipwright,” p. 56, 4th edit. 1678.

1661.May 16.

1674.

1675.

1678,

1681.